1. INFLUENCES ON WEATHER AND CLIMATE

2. PG # DO NOW: INFLUENCES ON WEATHER & CLIMATE 5/12/17
QUESTION: What is the equator?
ANSWER:
The equator divides Earth into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. The equatorial region receives more direct radiant energy compared to other surfaces on the planet.

3. Learning target
I will be able to discuss the relevance of wind as it plays a vital role on ocean currents and global weather and climate patterns.

4. Learning target
I will be able to explain air masses and fronts while addressing air pressure.

5. Sun = the maker of earth’s weather
The sun’s radiation is electromagnetic waves, which is mostly visible light, UV, and infrared (heat).

6. Pg# influences on weather & climate
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
1. What are the two types of wind within convection currents?
BIG IDEAS
1. An updraft is wind created by rising warm air, whereas a downdraft is wind created by sinking cool air.
Rising warm air creates a wind called an updraft. Sinking cool air creates a wind called a downdraft. Air in convection currents also moves parallel to Earth’s surface. This produces surface winds as well as winds higher in the atmosphere, including the jet stream.

7. Pg# influences on weather & climate
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
2. How are weather events produced?
BIG IDEAS
2. Through phase changes- As air warms and cools, water in the air changes between gas (water vapor), liquid (water droplets), and solid (ice).
 Heat near Earth’s surface causes liquid water to evaporate from oceans, lakes, and rivers. As the water vapor rises and cools, it condenses to form clouds of water droplets or ice pellets. When the droplets or pellets become heavy enough, the water falls back to Earth as precipitation like rain, snow, or hail.

8. Pg# influences on weather & climate
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
3. What are air masses?
BIG IDEAS
3. Air that moves across Earth’s surface in large volumes are air masses. They have certain pressures and moisture contents.
Each air mass possesses a characteristic temperature: cold (artic or polar) or warm (tropical). Air masses also possess certain pressures (high or low), and moisture contents (humid or dry). In various combinations, these properties can change the weather where the air mass flows.

9. Most air masses form over polar or tropical regions
Most air masses form over polar or tropical regions. They may form over continents or oceans. Air masses are moist if they form over oceans. They are dry if they form over continents. Air masses that form over oceans are called maritime air masses. Those that form over continents are called continental air masses. The image here shows air masses that form over or near North America.
mP- Maritime Polar
mT- Maritime Tropical (warm, moist)
cT- Continental Tropical (hot, dry)
cA- Continental Arctic (very cold, dry)
cP- Continental Polar (cold, dry)

10. Pg# influences on weather & climate
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
4. What is the boundary between two air masses called? Compare and contrast.
BIG IDEAS
4. The front is the boundary between two air masses. A cold front is the leading edge of a cold air mass that pushes against a mass of warm air. (VS) At a warm front, a warm air mass rises above a cold air mass.
This collision between cold and warm air masses often produces strong storms. On a weather map, a cold front is usually indicated by blue triangles, as you can see on the next page. The triangles point in the direction of the front’s--- (warm)This collision between warm and cold air typically produces overcast skies and rain. 

11. AIR PRESSURE
Particles of cool air sink toward Earth’s surface, creating areas of high pressure. Particles of warm air rise into the atmosphere, creating areas of low pressure.
Air pressure refers to the weight of a column of air over a particular location on Earth. Denser air masses exert greater pressure because they contain more particles of air per unit volume. 

12. The air pressure at the top of Mt
The air pressure at the top of Mt. Everest (measured in kPa, or kilopascals) is more than three times lower than at Earth’s surface.

13. Pg# influences on weather & climate
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
5. What is air pressure?
BIG IDEAS
5. Air pressure refers to the weight of a column of air over a particular location on Earth.
H- high-pressure air masses
L- low-pressure air masses.
Low-pressure air masses usually produce stormy weather.
High-pressure air masses usually produce calm, clear weather.
Low-pressure air masses contain winds that flow counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and upward toward the center of the air mass.
High-pressure air masses contain winds that flow clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and outward from the center of the air mass.

14. Measuring air pressure
The mercury barometer – developed by Evangelista Torricelli in
A barometer may be constructed from a long glass tube that is closed at one end. It is filled with mercury and placed upside down in a dish of mercury without allowing any air to enter the tube. Some of the mercury will run out of the tube, but a relatively tall column remains inside (Figure 10.4 "A Mercury Barometer"). Why doesn’t all the mercury run out? Gravity is certainly exerting a downward force on the mercury in the tube, but it is opposed by the pressure of the atmosphere pushing down on the surface of the mercury in the dish, which has the net effect of pushing the mercury up into the tube. Because there is no air above the mercury inside the tube in a properly filled barometer (it contains a vacuum), there is no pressure pushing down on the column. Thus the mercury runs out of the tube until the pressure exerted by the mercury column itself exactly balances the pressure of the atmosphere. Under normal weather conditions at sea level, the two forces are balanced when the top of the mercury column is approximately 760 mm above the level of the mercury in the dish

15. Activity: Create your own city! : Group share in 20 minutes
OBJECTIVE: Be able to identify factors that influence local weather patterns and climate. Use these terms on your drawing made on the poster:
Precipitation %, Humidity %, Wind Speed (in mph)
Temperature (in degrees Fahrenheit) (Differentiate between seasons!)
Landforms (?) Any mountains…
Ocean currents (COLD/ WARM) which influence the temperature
Are you near the equator or the poles? (Increased latitude means that you are…)
Who lives there? / How many?
Altitude (High / Low?)
Latitude (Increased/ decreased?)

16. Collecting: lab report (rain shadow effect)

17. Collecting: midterm exam corrections! (staple to your exam)

18. INFLUENCES ON WEATHER AND CLIMATE (Day 2)

19. PG # DO NOW: INFLUENCES ON WEATHER & CLIMATE 5/15/17
QUESTION: What is the difference between an updraft and a downdraft?
ANSWER: Rising warm air creates a wind called an updraft. Sinking cool air creates a wind called a downdraft.

20. DO NOW: INFLUENCES ON WEATHER & CLIMATE 5/16/17
QUESTION: City A is 30 degrees north latitude, while City B is 30 degrees south latitude. Which city is closest to the equator?
ANSWER: Both are equally close.

21. Key vocab 08: words 1, 2
Word:
Regional geography (adj/n)
Definition:
Study of specific regions of the Earth
2. Word: Updraft (n) Definition: A wind created by rising warm air.

22. A wind created by sinking cool air.
Key vocab 08: words 3,4,5
3. Word:
Downdraft (n)
Definition:
A wind created by sinking cool air.
4. Word: Maritime (adj) Definition: Connected with the sea.
5. Word:
Oceanic (adj)
Definition:
Relating to the ocean.

23. DO NOW: INFLUENCES ON WEATHER & CLIMATE 5/17/17
PROMPT: Weather and climate are influenced by interactions involving–
ANSWER: Weather and climate are influenced by interactions involving the ocean, sunlight, the atmosphere, land, ice, geography, and living things.

24. 6. Word: Barometer (n) Definition: 7. Word: Tropical (adj) Definition:
Key vocab 08: words 6, 7, 8
6. Word:
Barometer (n)
Definition:
An instrument measuring atmospheric pressure
7. Word:
Tropical (adj)
Definition:
Of, typical of, or peculiar to the tropics.
8. Word:
Arctic (adj)
Definition:
Relating to the regions around the North Pole.

25. Apk guide
While weather and climate are the result of complex interactions of atmosphere, water and sunlight, it is sunlight that provides the energy to drive the entire system.
Weather and climate are generally colder the farther north and south you go from the Equator. Weather and climate are also influenced by altitude because of its effect on air temperature and pressure. In addition, landforms can influence weather by changing the amount of moisture in the air and the way air masses move.

26. Question 1 How can the geography of a region affect its weather and climate?
The geography of a region can affect its weather and climate because the shape of the land and surrounding landforms influence the flow of wind, wind direction, ocean currents, and amount of precipitation, etc.

27. Question 2 What are the main factors that influence the patterns of movement of the Earth’s air and water?
The Sun’s radiation, and the rotation and revolution of the Earth, cause uneven heating, resulting in various patterns of movement of air and water on Earth.

28. Weather and climate are influenced by interactions involving–
Weather and climate are influenced by interactions involving the ocean, sunlight, the atmosphere, land, ice, geography, and living things.