1. Andrew Jackson
Notes on your own!

2. Essential Question:
How did America evolve towards greater democracy between 1800 and 1840?
How did President Jackson reflect this change?

3. How did America change from 1800 to 1830?

4. From 1800 to 1840, states removed property and tax restrictions which allowed 90% of “common” white men to vote (“universal white male suffrage”)

5. Andrew Jackson’s victory in the election of 1828 changed American politics

6. Andrew Jackson was the first “common man” president
He was born poor, uneducated, and from the West

7. Democratic-Republican Party
Jackson’s victory split the Democratic-Republicans and led to the formation of the Democratic Party
Jackson and his supporters hoped to return to the Jeffersonian ideas of states’ rights, protection of liberty, and westward expansion
8 yrs
George Washington
( )
4 yrs
John Adams
( )
8 yrs
Thomas Jefferson
( )
8 yrs
James
Madison
( )
8 yrs
James Monroe
( )
4 yrs
John Quincy Adams
( )
8 yrs
Andrew Jackson
( )
Federalist Party
Democratic-Republican Party
Democratic Party

8. But, during his eight years in office, Andrew Jackson greatly expanded presidential power
Opposition to Jackson led to the formation of the Whig Party and the return of the two-party system

10. …But over time, it led to inefficiency and gov’t corruption
When Jackson entered office, he encouraged the use of the “spoils system”
He replaced the gov’t bureaucrats from previous administrations with his own loyal party supporters
At the time, this patronage was seen as very democratic because it gave gov’t jobs to new people…
…But over time, it led to inefficiency and gov’t corruption

11. Andrew Jackson’s two term presidency (1829-1837) was defined by three major conflicts
Indian Removal
Tariffs
BUS

12. By the time Jackson entered office, Americans were spreading West in search of new land to cultivate
Five “civilized tribes” in the South stood in the way of American westward expansion
The discovery of gold in north Georgia in led the Georgia government to seize Cherokee lands
The Cherokee sued in the Supreme Court (Cherokee Nation v. Georgia) and won

13. But, Congress passed and Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act of 1830 forcing all Indian tribes to relocate west of the Mississippi River
In 1838, the U.S. Army forced the Cherokees west on the “Trail of Tears”

14. Bellwork
Explain the Spoils System that was employed by Andrew Jackson. Compare this system to the Corrupt Bargain of 1824.

15. The Trail of Tears 1838

16. Forced Westward

17. Central Historical Question
Why did some people in the 1830s support Indian Removal?

18. Timeline

19. How to deal with the Indian “Problem”
Civilization means that the Native Americans would become farmers; would convert to Christianity; would own individual portions of land, rather than share; would learn to read and write English; would ultimately become Americans.
Removal was based on the idea that that civilization was never going to succeed and the only thing to do was to find some place in the West to settle Native Americans.

20. Timeline
1830: Andrew Jackson passed the Indian Removal Act

21. Primary Documents
Before you read: answer the sourcing questions!

22. Discussion
Why did Jackson or Boudinot think Indian Removal was in the best interest of the Cherokee?
Do you believe them? What parts sound sincere/believable?
Why might some people at that time have believed that Indian Removal was a reasonable policy?

23. Quick Write
How have our attitudes changed/stayed the same since the 1830s?

24. By the 1830s, sectionalism was becoming more obvious, especially over the issue of tariffs.
Northern states favored tariffs because they profited when people bought more American-made goods

25. By the 1830s, sectionalism was becoming more obvious, especially over the issue of tariffs
When Congress passed a high tariff in 1832, Southern states claimed that their states’ rights were violated
VP John Calhoun threatened that South Carolina would nullify (ignore) the “unfair” federal tax
Southern states opposed tariffs because made goods more expensive and led to European tariffs on cotton

26. Jackson urged Congress to pass the Force Bill to enforce the tariff
Calhoun supported nullification as a way for states to protect themselves from the national government
President Jackson did not support the tariff either, but he saw nullification as a threat to unity of the USA
Calhoun believed that as a last resort, states could secede from the Union
Jackson urged Congress to pass the Force Bill to enforce the tariff

27. This conflict revealed sectional tensions between the North and South
The Nullification Crisis came to an end when Henry Clay introduced a lower tariff (Compromise of 1833)
This conflict revealed sectional tensions between the North and South
The South used “states’ rights” to argue that secession from the Union was possible
President Jackson was willing to use force to protect the power of the national gov’t over the states

28. Bellwork
Describe both sides of the sectional debate over the tariff. Who supported it and why? Who didn’t support it and why?
What did South Carolina threaten in response to the Tariff of 1832?

29. Jackson vetoed the bank re-charter which would kill the BUS in 4 years
The third conflict of the Jackson presidency was his war against the Second Bank of the United States
Jackson thought the BUS was unconstitutional and gave too much power to the elite
In 1832, Congressman Henry Clay and bank manager Nicolas Biddle supported the re-chartering the BUS
Jackson vetoed the bank re-charter which would kill the BUS in 4 years

30. This action killed the BUS
In 1833, Jackson ordered all federal money to be removed from the BUS and put the funds in 23 “pet” state banks
This action killed the BUS
Without the BUS, banking went unregulated from 1833 to 1913 and the economy entered a number of “panics” (depressions)

31. Jackson represented a new era in American democracy
He and the Democratic Party represented the will of the “common man”
His use of the spoils system, veto power, stand against states’ rights strengthened the power of the president
Opposition to Jackson led to the formation of the Whigs and the return of the two-party system

32. Quad #1
Complete the Andrew Jackson section and the final ranking section of Quad #1.