1. AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CH 26n 21o CLASS NOTES
CONCEPTS OF DEVELOPMENT

2. The Rich and the Poor Developed Countries
Undeveloped (Underdeveloped) Countries
DevelopING Countries???
All countries at some stage of development though…

3. GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT-
Unlike GDP, GNP includes Foreign and Domestic $
GNP is one measure of development
Data reliability, only counts formal economy

4. The Gap – GNP Per capita 2002 – Japan per capita GNP = $32,350
USA GNP = $29,240
2002 – India GNP = $440
Ethiopia GNP = $100
GNP No account for
-Dist. of Wealth,
-Regional / National Development,
-Overall population participation in economy

6. Core – Periphery Model
More equitable way to describe global economic disparities
Sensitive to geographical differences
& Economic relationships among places

7. 3 Parts of C-P Model (see sheet!!)
CORE Regions – Achieved high levels of economic prosperity – global players
Semi – Periphery – IN THE MIDDLE: some control, some dependence
Periphery – Poor regions dependent on Core regions; not much control over own affairs
All supposed to be linked / working as single entity

9. East Asia Community- Proposed trade bloc

11. Conditions that hamper development of Periphery???
Core Policies
Political instability
Misuse of aid
High Birth/Death rates
Low age population

12. Breakdown Development on multi scales
local, regional, national, global
C-P Model can be used within one region
LA is Core of S. CA (regional)
Johannesburg is Core of S. Africa (national)
Japan is a Core area of World (global)

13. World Systems Theory By Immanuel Wallerstein Promoting C-P Theory
Highlights power relationships among places – political and economic competition (colonialism)
Social/Econ. Change of Developing world linked to economic activities of developed world. (Not occur equally)

15. Models of STATE Development
Examine Rate and extent of Econ. Development
Liberal Models – Assume all countries are capable of development
All countries at same stage are on dev. trajectory
Structuralist Models – Disparities exist because things organized in certain ways; hard to change
Concentration of wealth, unequal relations

16. H Traditional- U.S. before independence (1776)
Preconditions for Take-Off- U.S (Notice how Northern economy was becoming more light manufacturing and ship building)
Take off- Britain ; U.S
Drive to Maturity- Britain 1850; U.S. 1900
High Mass Consumption- U.S. 1950’s

17. Traditional- U.S. before independence (1776)
Preconditions for Take-Off- U.S (Notice how Northern economy was becoming more light manufacturing and ship building)
Take off- Britain ; U.S
Drive to Maturity- Britain 1850; U.S. 1900
High Mass Consumption- U.S. 1950’s

18. Modernization Model ( liberal )
Walt Rostow (1960s)
All countries follow similar 5 stage dev. path
1. Traditional – Subsistence Farming, rigid, opposed to change
2. Preconditions of Takeoff – Progressive leadership moves country forward; openness, diversification

19. 3. Takeoff – (industrial revolution) urbanization, mass production
4. Drive to Maturity – Technologies diffuse, Int. trade expands, modernization
5. High Mass Consumption – High Incomes, workers in service sector, many goods / services

21. Structuralist Response
Rostow model a single path & not account for cultural differences
Dependency Theory – Political and Economic relationships between countries/regions control/limit economic development of less well-off
Little hope for countries dominated by external powers (colonialism)

22. Neo – Colonialism -
Periphery accuses Core of perpetuating its advantage through economic (new) rather than political (past) forces
Also, this is a Structuralist Argument