1. In your Interactive Notebook: Unit 2, Lesson 1 Constitutional Compromise & A Bicameral Legislature
WARM UP:
CREATE YOUR FOLDER:
Last Name, First name
Place all work from Unit 1 in the assessment folder
If something is not graded, turn it in first
In Durham, the school you attend depends on what “district” you live in. What is a district?
Why is the issue of representation so important for citizens in a democracy?
Today’s OBJECTIVE(S) -- WRITE THESE DOWN:
I can evaluate the effect on representative government of the Great Compromise and 3/5 compromise

2. Vocab & EQ Lesson Vocabulary (expect a vocab quiz on these terms):
Great Compromise
3/5 Compromise
Representation
Bicameral
House
Senate
Census
Political district
Redistricting
Gerrymandering
Lesson Essential Question:
What determines how each state is represented in the National Government?

3. Study Guide: Unit 2A Study Guide for Unit 2A Updates / Deadlines:
Complete each night
Vocab cards
Answer EQ
You can do it in class as we go if you’re on it
Updates / Deadlines:
Missed exam?
Make up at lunch Friday & Monday, OR after school Tuesday
Struggled on exam?
Tutoring Tuesdays

4. Issues of Representation
Suppose each high school in Durham gets the same amount of money, the same number of teachers, and has the same number of classrooms.
BUT: One attendance zone / DISTRICT has 20,000 people in it while the other four have only 13,000.
What will happen?
Why?
Is this a fair situation?

5. Political Districts
every person in the country has people who are elected to REPRESENT them in Congress and their State Legislature.
Everyone who lives in the SAME DISTRICT has the SAME REPRESENTATIVE
Representatives must live in their own district
NC has 13 seats in Congress, & 13 Congressional districts

6. Why do Districts Matter?
Population equality
Every district should have about the same number of people in it
One person, one vote
District should be contiguous
using natural boundaries as divisions
Example: use rivers or mountain ranges to separate districts
Maintain communities of interest
A city or county should be part of the same district,
EXAMPLE: don’t put people from Durham and Charlotte in the same District
Avoid having one person represent both urban and rural areas

7. The Constitutional Convention (1787)
55 delegates from all 13 states
Met in Philadelphia, PA
G. Washington elected convention president
James Madison – “father” of the constitution

8. Constitutional Debate: REPRESENTATION
Delegates disagreed over two key questions
How how many votes each state would get in the legislative branch
Should slaves count as part of the population of Southern states?

9. Activity Each group is assigned to represent a state.
You will get instructions telling you:
If your state has a large or small population
If your state is a slave state or free state
Instructions also have a guide to how you should vote on key topics:
Virginia Plan
New Jersey Plan
Slavery

10. ALL DELEGATES AGREED ON:
Separation of Powers
Created 3 branches of government
Legislative, Executive, Judicial
System of Checks & Balances
Gave different powers to each branch
For many things, two or more branches had to SHARE the same power and work together

11. FIGHT OVER REPRESENTATION
Virginia Plan Proposal
New Jersey Plan Proposal
Bicameral Legislature
Bi-cameral means 2 chambers
Senate
House of Representatives
REPRESENTATION IN BOTH THE HOUSE AND SENATE SHOULD BE based on the population of each state
More people = more votes in Congress
Unicameral Legislature
One chamber: SENATE ONLY
EACH STATE WOULD HAVE ONE SENATOR, regardless of the size of the state
EVERY STATE HAS EQUAL POWER

12. Review your Group’s Role
Does your state support the VA plan or the NJ plan?
Decide as a group how you will vote, and be ready to explain why.

13. Control of Congress Senate House of Representatives
100 seats: current breakdown
54 Republicans-Majority Party
44 Republicans-Minority Party
2 independence (caucus with democrats
435 seats: current breakdown
246 Republicans (Majority)
House Speaker: John Boehner
188 Democrats (Minority)
1 seat vacant
Each seat elected every 2 years
Incumbent: person already in office running for re-election

14. Small States Opposed the Virginia Plan NEW JERSEY PLAN
Feared that states with large populations would have too much power
NEW JERSEY PLAN
Alternative to VA plan

15. Great/CT Compromise Combines VA Plan and NJ Plan
Created Bi-cameral legislature with 2 houses
Upper House: The Senate
all states are equal; 2 vote for every state
Lower House: House of Representatives
Based on population; more populous states have more votes

16. The Census Constitution requires a census every 10 years
Census – counting up every person in the country based on where they live
WHY THE CENSUS MATTERS:
Representation in the House is based on population
The Census tells us how many members of Congress each state should get

17. QUICK WRITE In Journal CE2.1:
Why did small states feel that the Virginia Plan was unfair?
How did the Great Compromise balance power between states with large and small populations?

18. Representation & Slavery
Northern States
Southern States
Some northerners wanted to abolish slavery
It violated the principles in the Declaration of Independence
People felt it was wrong
Southern delegates said the southern economy would be ruined without slavery
Threatened to stay independent or form their own nation if the Constitution banned slavery

19. Represntation & Slavery
The North wants to count slaves as property so that they can collect high taxes from southern slave owners
The South wants to count slaves as population so that they would have more votes in congress

20. Review your Group’s Role
Does your state support or oppose slavery
Decide as a group how you will vote on each of the following questions:
Should the Constitution ban slavery?
Should the constitution end the slave trade?
Should slaves count in the census?
Should slaves count for property taxes?

21. The 3/5 Compromise
Agreement to count slaves in the census as 3/5 of a free person
Southern slave owners do pay some taxes on their slaves, BUT
Slave population does increase southern voting power in congress
Slave trade must end in 1820
Only stops the importation of new slaves

22. Updates & Reminders Place all work in group folders END OF CLASS QUIZ
For tomorrow: work on Study Guide for Lesson One
END OF CLASS QUIZ
Describe the Virginia Plan and explain why small states opposed it.
How did the 3/5 compromise increase Southern power in congress?

24. How does the census affect the power of each state?
In your Interactive Notebook: Unit 2, Lesson 1 (continued) Constitutional Compromise & A Bicameral Legislature
WARM UP:
How does the census affect the power of each state?
Why does the U.S. have a bicameral legislature? How is each state represented in the House? In the Senate?
Today’s OBJECTIVE(S) -- WRITE THESE DOWN:
I can evaluate the relationship between population and representation in American Government

25. Vocab & EQ Lesson Vocabulary (expect a vocab quiz on these terms):
Great Compromise
3/5 Compromise
Representation
Bicameral
House
Senate
Census
Political district
Redistricting
Gerrymandering
Lesson Essential Question:
What determines how each state is represented in the National Government?

26. Study Guide: Unit 2A Study Guide for Unit 2A Updates / Deadlines:
Complete each night
Vocab cards
Answer EQ
You can do it in class as we go if you’re on it
Updates / Deadlines:
Missed exam?
Make up at lunch Friday & Monday, OR after school Tuesday
Struggled on exam?
Tutoring Tuesdays

27. Redistricting Census: we count up our population every 10 years
Why: because representation is based on population
Then, state legislatures must redraw their district lines to reflect changes in population

28. Who Represents You? Quick Write: Find your district and name your:
NC State Representative
NC State Senator
Member of Congress in the U.S. House
NC General Assembly:
enter address
Click on district number; click right and open link in new window

29. Conflict of Interest? State legislature draws district lines
State legislators are elected…
From districts…
Sometimes from districts that they draw themselves…

30. North Carolina General Assembly
State House
State Senate
120 NC State House Districts
All seats up for election in 2014
Currently:
77 Republicans; 43 Democrats
50 NC State Senate Districts
All seats up for election in 2014
Currently:
33 Republicans; 17 Democrats

31. Why does the district look like this?

32. Gerrymandering
What: drawing political districts to favor one political party
Why: so that party wins that seat in Congress without having to work hard
When: district lines redrawn every 10 years
After the Census

33. Quick Write
How does Gerrymandering benefit one political party over another?

34. Can you Gerrymander a district?
Time to play a computer game!
Task: take a city with equal numbers of republican and democrats. Change the districts so that there will always be 3 representatives from one party and just one from the other.
Must maintain population equality & contiguity
Mission 2 - Basic
Finished?
Answer our Lesson 1 Essential Question in an ACES paragraph & turn it in.
Develop Vocab cards for each key vocab term in the unit

35. Updates & Reminders Place all work in group folders EXIT PASS
Tomorrow: Continue research & preparatoin for simulation
EXIT PASS
Should politicians be able to control the redistricting process?
What alternatives would you propose instead?