Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
Latin American Revolutions
Today we are learning about revolts in Central and South America .
2
Latin American Independence Movements
3
Social Hierarchy of Latin America
Peninsulares Creoles Mestizos & Mulattos Native Am. & Africans Peninsulares Native Spaniards Held all important positions Creoles Ppl of pure EU blood, born in the New World Controlled land & businesses – 2nd class to Peninsulares Fought for independence Mestizos Native Am+ EU blood Largest group, servants/laborers Mulattos African + EU blood Native Am. & Africans Slaves
4
Napoleon’s effect on S. America
Nap invaded SP – 1808 puts his brother Joseph on the throne of Spain. Creoles use as reason for revolution
5
Background Indigenous people – Maya, Inca, Aztec
EU colonization -1500s The success of the American Revolution showed others that colonies could succeed in overthrowing their more powerful mother countries. FR. Rev and Enlightenment – 1789 Napoleon’s European conquest – 1800s Weakens authority on colonies FR AR EN
6
Latin America Mexico Cuba Haiti Puerto Rico Panama Columbia Venezuela
Brazil
7
Latin American Revolutions
Colony Controlled by Political/Social group Important leader(s) Important Events/Turning points Major outcome
8
The first revolt French colony of Saint Domingue
Enslaved Africans vs. French Led by Francois-Dominique Toussaint-Louverture & Jean-Jacques Dessalines 1801, 100k slaves revolted & seized control of all of Hispaniola. Western third of island announced freedom Jan 1, 1804 Now Haiti L’Ouverture captured by FRA & died in FRA prision B/c the 1st independent state in Latin America
12
Revolt in Mexico 1810, Mexico was controlled by Spain
80,000 Indian & Mestizo men Miguel Hidalgo – priest in small village Studied FR. Rev. & Enlighten ideals Gathered Native Americans & Mestizos to free themselves from Spanish rule Inexperienced military leader – mob crushed Sentenced to death by mil. court Jose Morelos – took up Hidalgo’s campaign Lead revolt for 4 years Was eventually caught and executed
13
Mexican revolt cont. Lower classes participation in revolt led to Peninsulares & creoles decided to overthrow SP. Rule & preserve their power Led by Agustin de Iturbide Declared independence from Spain 1822 declared himself emperor – deposed 1823 1823 Mexico became a republic MEXICO = HMI
14
Mexican revolt cont. 1810, Cry of Dolores
1821, Iturbide declared MEX independent 3 leaders help gain independence from SPA
15
Revolutions in South America
16
Venezuela Controlled by SPA Volunteer army of revolutionaries
Simon Bolivar = “Liberator” 1819, 2,000 soldiers defeated the Spanish in Bogota 1821, Bolivar declared Venezuela independent
17
Simon Bolivar Wealthy Venezuelan creole “The Liberator”
bolíVar = Venezuela
18
Argentina Controlled by SPA SPA vs. Volunteer Soldiers
Lead by Jose de San Martin San Martin & Bolivar joined forces in 1822.
19
Jose de San Martin Creole elite Born in Argentina
Spanish military officer Liberator of Argentina san mARtin = ARgentina
20
Venezuelan Independence - 1821
Declared – 1811 Bolivar’s patriot armies unsuccessful at first Marched armies Colombia & Ecuador defeated SP army
21
Argentine Independence
Liberated by 1810 with army of mulattos & Africans San Martin led army across Andes to Chile, joined by Bernardo O’Higgins Defeated SP army at the Battle of Chacabuco Freed Chile 1821 – Lima, Peru – center of SP. Authority Teamed up with Bolivar Dec 9, 1824 – Bolivar defeated SP
22
San Martin & Bolivar Liberators of South America
Simon Bolivar Jose de San Martin Spaniards must be removed from all of South America 1810 – freed Argentina 1817 – Chile Horrible journey for troops Defeated SP at Battle of Chacabuco 1821 – Peru – center of SP. Authority – joined by Bolivar (1822) 1810 – Venezuela New Granada (Colombia) & Ecuador Peru – crushed the last of the SP army at Ayacucho
23
Background: 1807 - Nap. Forced PR. Royal fam
Background: Nap. Forced PR. Royal fam. to escape to Brazil – Port’s largest colony 1815 – Nap defeated – PORT control Brazil like colony Creoles led revolution Prince regent Dom Pedro – Sept 7, 1822 – declared Brazil’s independence from PORT (done w/o bloodshed) By 1889 Brazilians overthrew Pedro’s successor and declared country a republic Brazil
24
Central American Revolutions
1821 –Mexico becomes independent from Spain Cen. American states became independent from Mexico in – (1)United (2) Provinces (3)of (4)Central (5) American (5 Words = 5 Countries) 1838 – 39 – divided into 5 republics Guatemala El Salvador Honduras Costa Rica Nicaragua
25
Threat to newly independent states
Concert of Europe 1820s -wanted to restore Spanish control in Latin America British – wanted to trade w/ L.A. Proposed joint action w/ USA against EU moves on L.A. 1823 USA acted alone – Monroe Doctrine Guaranteed the independence and warned against any EU intervention of new L.A. nations EU also scared of BR. navy
26
“You say you want a revolution, well you know…
“You say you want a revolution, well you know….. we all want to change the world.” ~ The Beatles “It takes a revolution …to make a solution. Too much frustration, so much confusion…” ~Bob Marley
27
Do you think it takes a revolution for change to take place in a country?
28
In review… There were many events that led to revolutions in Latin America… American Revolution French Revolution Napoleon The Enlightenment Most revolutions were led by… Why? What were most armies made up of?
Similar presentations
