1. April 7, 2015 Block Today’s Class Objectives:
Analyze the rulers after Catherine II to determine their effect on Russian history.

2. Alexander I
Nicholas I
Alexander II
Alexander III
Nicholas II

3. Why did Russia, the largest in land and population of any European nation, remain weak during the 19c?
lagging industrial development
undeveloped natural resources
lack of access to the seas and oceans
conflict with other nations
lack of unity (contained many subject nationalities)

4. change; and may suggest
Vocab
Liberal
Radical
Conservative
Terrorists
Radical
Liberal
Conservative
Those who want
great
change; and may suggest
less than legal means
to get it
Those who want some
change, but
want it “legally”
Those IN POWER,
Who want to KEEP
power.
“Status quo”

5. Domestic vs. Foreign affairs
Deals with
Laws/actions
Regarding
their nation, their
citizens.
Actions the nation
Has with OTHER
nations

6. Pair-Share Activity: Review your answers
How did liberalism affect Russia’s domestic
policy?
2. Describe two features of Russia’s domestic
policies
3. Describe two features of Russia’s foreign

7. How did liberalism affect Russia’s domestic policy?
many tsars reacted by becoming more
absolute and more “autocratic”
censored speech and press

8. Describe two features of Russia’s domestic policies
“What do we do with so restless minorities?”
Another name
for these
“minorities”?
Pogroms
Russification -
(subject nationalities)
“Autocracy”, “Orthodoxy” and “Nationality”
Russian only language spoken
Forced
to follow only the Orthodox
Faith
Secret Police
How?

9. Describe two features of Russia’s foreign policies
Pan Slavism
Expansion of the Empire (south & east)
South: at the expense of Ottoman Empire
East: Manchuria (Japan wanted it
too….which caused the
“Russo-Japanese War” (1905)

10. The Ottoman Empire -- Late 19c “The Sick Man of Europe”
Both Austria and Russia wanted land from Ottoman Empire
PAN-SLAVISM
WHY?
Many subject – nationalities of Ottoman Empire also belonged to the same language family as the RUSSIANS - known as the “SLAVIC” family of languages

11. Russian Expansion

12. All blieved in “Divine Rights” theory What about the other tsars?
What important events/problems did these “Divine Right” rulers have?
Fought Napoleon and helped to
end his control over Europe
Napoleon sent to exile
Alexander I
Nicholas I
Alexander II
Alexander III
Nicholas II
All blieved in
“Divine Rights”
theory
...God gave me the right to rule.
My laws are “God’s Will”

13. Nicholas I [r. 1825-1855] RUSSIFICATION
Russia’s lost of the Crimean War made him look bad….some liberal movements
grew for change.
His response?
RUSSIFICATION
Autocracy! Orthodoxy! Nationalism!

14. Alexander II [r. 1855-1881] ASSASSINATED
He believed the defeat in the Crimean War was b/c Russia needed to “industrialize”.
Emancipation of the Russian serfs [ ].
Other reforms?
Because he gave reforms, was he loved by all?
ASSASSINATED
What was his fate?

15. Growth of Liberals and Radicals
Nihilists –
Populists –
People’s Will -
Intellectual “thinkers” [not doers] who believed that the only way to solve Russia’s problems was to “scrap” the existing structure completely!
Teach the peasants that they need to “unionize” to take over the estates of the boyars (nobles)….that’s the only way to have a “just” society in Russia.
“Doers”
Radical “populists” who became “terrorists.”
They led assassination attempts on government officials

16. Alexander III [r. 1881-1894] [Pogroms] Reactionary. Slavophile.
“Russification” program.
Jews  forced migration to the Pale
[Pogroms]

17. The Pale

18. Forced Migration of Russia’s Jews

19. Viewed them all as Terrorists
Continued growth of groups that were even MORE Radicals
Nihilists –
Populists –
People’s Will -
Did the Tsar view
These groups differently?
Viewed them all as
Terrorists
Social Democratic Labor Party
Lenin’s older brother was a member of this radical group
He was arrested and executed for his involvement!
[what affect do you think this had for his younger brother?]

20. Nicholas II: The Last Romanov Tsar [r. 1894-1917]
Followed his father’s policy

21. The Tsar & His Family

22. Hemophilia & the Tsarevich

23. The Revolution of 1905 Cause? Result? Bloody Sunday
Failure of the Russo-Japanese War
Bloody Sunday
Result?
Nicholas II had no choice but to grant the
OCTOBER MANIFESTO:
he promised some liberties
he okayed the establishment of
the DUMA
How viable was the October Manifesto?
the tsar dismissed it [Duma]several times
the tsar manipulated laws for elections to the Duma
to benefit aristocracy [conservative boyars]

24. This clip from the movie “Nicholas and Alexandria”
enacts the peaceful march to the Winter Palace to plead with Father Nicholas to make changes…allow rights to those working in the factories….

25. Began in St. Petersburg in January when troops fired on crowd of workers marching to petition Czar Nicholas II.
Russia’s defeat by Japan revealed the incompetence of the czar’s regime.
This “bloody Sunday” was followed by series of strikes, riots, assassinations, naval mutinies, and peasant outbreaks which the czar had to “put down” by capturing, killing or sending thousands to Siberian prison camps

26. ….which caused the government to become
RECAP
Russia in 1914?
Was NOT “industrialized”
Had an “autocratic” government that was NOT satisfying
the needs of the people
many parties organized for reform – [both liberal and
radical groups]
Their attempt to be as “strong” and “important” as other
nation-states in Europe backfired:
lost Crimean War
lost Russo-Japanese War
Economically?
Russian Imperial Flag
Politically & Socially?
….which caused the government to become
even more autocratic!
Led to
Bloody Sunday
Revolution of 1905
More reform groups:
Mensheviks
Bolsheviks

27. Laptops today!! 4-8-15 Unit I Essential Questions :
Can a nation with a long history of autocracy and oppressed minorities achieve the ideals of democracy?
Analyze the steps that led to the creation of the U.S.S.R.
by researching and creating a visual representation [flowchart].