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22. PROGRESSIVE ERA 1900 - 1918.

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Presentation on theme: "22. PROGRESSIVE ERA 1900 - 1918."— Presentation transcript:

1 22. PROGRESSIVE ERA

2 State of the Nation in 1900 Industrialization dominated
Affordable cars from Henry Ford Trusts and monopolies were spreading Assembly Lines increased production scientifically Expanded work force to include minorities New immigrants take greater role in industry Conflict between labor and management Industrial catastrophes

3 Changes Begin with Henry Ford
Not the first to use mass production but the first to use it so successfully. Sold his first car in 1905 but found that the price was too high. Determined to make cars affordable he perfects the conveyer system of mass production. 1895 – four cars in the U.S. 1917 – nearly 5 million.

4 Automobile Ownership Results in massive changes to American life and economy. Ripple effect to many industries.

5 Increase in Business Consolidation and Trusts
Began in 1880s with Standard Oil By 1903 most smaller industries had disappeared, taken over by large trusts. Result is oligopoly, not monopoly.

6 Scientific Management
Jobs were becoming monotonous and dangerous Speed became important “In the past the man has been first. In the future, the system must be first” Frederick Winslow Taylor “The Principles of Scientific Management”

7 Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
New York City, 1911 Fire breaks out 146 people died

8 Mourning March Americans begin to demand reform and
look to their government

9 Life on the Farm Improved some Rural mail delivery
Better irrigation and flood control Impact of the Populist Movement felt

10 Women at Work About five million working women Most single
More black women than white Most worked for economic reasons

11 Child Labor

12 Niagara Movement and the NAACP
Began by W.E.B. DuBois Racial justice and equality Rejected the gradualist concepts of Washington Led to the NAACP Aggressive approach formed basis of later civil rights programs

13 Most African Americans
Remained locked in virtual slavery Unable to break free of cycle of poverty Trapped in the Jim Crow South.

14 Immigration Pressures Labor
Massive increase in immigration Increase in Mexican immigration

15 Labor Union Membership Increases

16 Labor Unrest is Evident
Protest March Industrial leaders begin to work with labor.

17 Quality of Life For most Americans improved significantly
Rising middle class Urban culture dominates rural culture More leisure time activities Movies (D.W. Griffith, “Birth of a Nation”) Books (Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, Tom Swift) Phonographs (New Orleans Jazz, Ragtime) Vaudeville (Musical productions)

18 The Arts Dance: Isadora Duncan stressed improvisation
Architecture: Loft apartments Visual Arts: Realism of the Ashcan School

19 Some Sense a Change A shift from the “usual” and the “individual”
Movement towards the “new” and the “masses” Eyes were opened to the need for change.

20 Muckrakers Expose the Ugliness of Society
Writers who specialized in writing in-depth, investigative stories highlighting the “dirty” realities of party politics and the scandalous conditions in factories and slums. Newspapers, magazines and books

21 Ida Tarbell One of the earliest Attacked the Standard Oil Trust, 1902

22 Lincoln Steffens Editor of “McClure’s Magazine”
Exposed business corruption in St. Louis, Missouri

23 Upton Sinclair A proclaimed Socialist
Blamed capitalism for the corruption of society Wrote the most famous Muckraker novel “The Jungle”.

24 Lasting Impact It exposed inequities
Educated the public about corruption Prepared the way for corrective action

25 Muckrakers Were the Voice of the Progressive Movement
Focused on the state of society Concerned with the impact of industrialization Upset with the conditions in the city Irritated by the corruption in local government Progressive Era spans the 1890s to the beginning of World War I.

26 How did most Progressives view the trusts of the day?
Thought they should be run by the government Were strong supporters of the trusts Wanted to regulate them or break them up Had no views on the issue Most of them were heavily involved in the trusts

27 Muckrakers Were government investigators of business
Performed little or no useful public serivce Were religious leaders who spoke against business practices of the day Were writers who investigated corruption in American life Were union organizers.

28 What was the main focus of the Niagara Movement?
Retaliation against white people Securing government jobs for blacks Providing job training for blacks Speaking out against Jim Crow laws Equal rights and education

29 Muckraking writer who wrote an expose of Standard Oil
Ida Tarbell Lincoln Steffens Samuel S. McClure Finley Peter Dunne J.P. Morgan

30 Which of the following was NOT true of scientific management?
Management should use standardization of methods Many factories adopted the principle completely Jobs became monotonous and dangerous The goal was to establish routine Workers seemed like part of the machinery

31 What group began to immigrate in large numbers in the early 1900s?
Mexican Chinese Germans Japanese Africans

32 Where did a fire take place in 1911 which killed 146 people and sparked a movement for building code reform? U.S. Steel Corporation Triangle Shirtwaist Company Standard Oil Company Ford Motor Company Edison Electric

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