1. Fission and Fusion of Atomic Nuclei

2. I. Nuclear Fission
Neutron
Fission - The splitting of the nucleus into fragments (division)
Uranium-235 is struck by a neutron and forms Ba-141, Kr-92 , and additional neutrons.

3. II. Chain Reaction Chain reaction
Nucleus captures a neutron and splits into fragments and produces three neutrons
Products start a new reaction
Critical mass
The minimum mass required to support a
self-sustaining chain reaction

4. III. Nuclear Fusion
Fusion - combining atomic nuclei to produce a nucleus of greater mass
 the nuclei of lighter elements (such as hydrogen) are fused together at extremely high temperatures and pressures to form heavier elements (such as helium)
Fusion reactions release more energy than fission reactions
Requires extremely high energies to initiate and sustain
Sun is powered by fusion

5. euterium
ritium

6. IV. Nuclear Binding Energy
The energy required to break a nucleus into its individual protons and neutrons
Energy released in a nuclear reaction is much greater than in chemical reactions

7. V. Mass Defect
The mass of the atom is always less than the sum of the masses of individual parts.
Mass defect -The difference in mass between an atom and its (protons, neutrons, and electrons)
The difference in mass has been converted to energy
The energy can be calculated using E=mc2

8. VI. Nuclear Reactors
The purpose of nuclear reactors is to keep the chain reaction going without letting it get out of control

9. Diablo Canyon

11. San Onofre

12. Fukushima, Japan

14. VII. Nuclear Bombs Atomic Bomb Hydrogen Bomb Uses fission
Uses enriched uranium-235 or plutonium
Nagasaki and Hiroshima
May 1945 trial run to Trinity (the first atomic bomb tested-plutonium) in New Mexico
Uses fission and fusion
1000 time more powerful than atomic bomb
Uses deuterium 2H and tritium 3H
October 30, 1961, Tsar Bomba in Novaya Zemlya used Lithium for its bomb

15. Sources www.pennenergy.com http://www.californiareport.org
noyonews.net
enformable.com
activerain.com
thesportdigest.com