1. Physical and Chemical Properties

2. Physical Properties of Water
All life on Earth depends on water.
Our bodies are about 70 percent water.
Some plants are 95 percent water.

3. Physical Properties of Water
A characteristic of water is that it sticks to itself, a property that is known as cohesion.
Due to cohesion, water forms beads on non-absorbent surfaces, such as glass.
Water also sticks to other substances, a property known as adhesion

4. Physical Properties
-A physical property describes a characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter.
Example: Melting Point, Boiling Point

5. When water freezes it expands due to a special bonding between water molecules.
Larger volume with the same mass = Less dense
This is why ice floats

6. Observing Physical Properties
Refer to pages 180 and 181 in the text and define the following terms we use to describe the physical properties of matter:
Lustre, conductivity, density (page 192), ductility, hardness, malleability, viscosity, clarity and brittleness

7. Observing Physical Properties
Property
Description
Examples
What it looks like
Colour and lustre
The light the substance reflects gives it colour and lustre (shine)
The names for some
substances, such as gold,
are also the names of colours. Gold has lustre; concrete is dull
Conductivity
Conductivity is the ability
of a substance to conduct electricity or heat. A
substance that conducts
electricity or heat is called a conductor. A substance with little or no conductivity is an insulator.
Most metals are good conductors. Copper is a very good conductor of electricity and so is used to make electric wires. Styrofoam® and glass are insulators.

8. Observing Physical Properties
Property
Description
Examples
What it looks like
Density
Density is the amount of
mass in a given volume of
a substance.
D = m/v
The density of pure water is 1 g/mL.
The density of gold is 19 g/mL.
Water is denser than oil, but gold is denser than water.
Ductility
Any solid that can be
stretched into a long wire is said to be ductile.
Copper is a common
example of a ductile material.

9. Observing Physical Properties
Property
Description
Examples
What it looks like
Hardness
Hardness is a substance’s
ability to resist being scratched. Hardness is
usually measured on the Mohs hardness scale from
1 to 10.
The mineral talc is the softest substance on the Mohs hardness scale (1). Emerald is quite hard (7.5). Diamond is the hardest
(10).
Malleability
A substance that can be
pounded or rolled into
sheets is said to be malleable.
Aluminum foil is an example of a malleable substance.
Metals such as gold and tin are also malleable.

10. Observing Physical Properties
Property
Description
Examples
What it looks like
Viscosity
Viscosity is the resistance of a fluid to flow.
Honey has a high viscosity
Compared to water.

11. Observing Chemical Properties
A chemical property describes the ability of a substance to change into a new substance or substances.
In order to view a chemical property a chemical change must occur.
Chemical change - the formation of a new substance or substances with new properties.
A chemical reaction is a process in which a chemical change occurs.

12. Chemical Properties
1. Combustibility is the ability of a substance to burn. In order to burn a substance requires Oxygen

13. Chemical Properties
Light sensitivity is a chemical property of that can cause new substances to form when light hits it.

14. Chemical Properties
3. Reacting with an acid is a chemical property where when acid is poured on a substance it produces a gas and bubbles.

15. Physical and Chemical Properties Video
(2:30)

16. Physical and Chemical Changes

17. Physical Change
In a physical change, the substance(s) involved remain(s) the same (chemically). The substance may change form (shape) or state, only. All changes of state are physical changes. Ie) melting (solidliquid)
Examples: Dissolving a substance in a liquid, breaking something, cutting grass
NOTE: Most physical changes can be reversed.

18. Chemical Change
In a chemical change, the substance(s) involved change (chemically) and form into a new substance(s)
Examples: Burning a log, cooking an egg, adding zinc into hydrochloric acid
2 HCl + Zn  ZnCl2 +H2
NOTE: Chemical changes cannot be reversed.

19. Clues that a chemical change has occurred
Evidence
Change in colour
Final product(s) may have a different colour than the colours of the starting material(s).
Formation of a solid (precipitate)
Final materials may include a substance in a state that differs from the staring material(s): Precipitate

20. Clues that a chemical change has occurred
Evidence
Formation of a gas
Final materials may include a substance in a state that differs from the staring material(s); commonly, a gas
Release / absorption of heat or light
Energy (light, electricity, sound or most commonly heat) is given off or absorbed.
The change is difficult to reverse
The change cannot be reversed or it is difficult to.