1. Wireless Location Technology and Services
Overview and Tutorial

2. Presentation Outline Acronym List
Wireless Location Technology: Definition
Location Adds Value
FCC Report and Order
Technology Approaches
Implementation
Business Opportunities
Location Network Configurations

3. List of Terms and Acronyms
Network-based location solutions - uses specialized location equipment within the network to determine location (TDOA, AOA, Multipath Analysis)
Handset-based location solutions - uses specialized electronics within the mobile handset to determine location (GPS, AFLT, OTD)
PDE - Position Determining Equipment
MPC - Mobile Position Center
FCC - United States Federal Communications Commission

4. List of Terms and Acronyms
E United States Emergency Telephone Number
TDOA - Time Difference of Arrival
AOA - Angle of Arrival
GPS - Global Positioning System
PSAP - Public Safety Answering Point
CAS - Call-Path Associated Signaling
N-CAS - Non Call-Path Associated Signaling
SR - Selective Router
AFLT - Advanced Forward Link Trilateration
OTD - Observed Time Difference

5. Wireless Location Technology
Equipment and algorithms applied to wireless telecommunications to determine geographic position, and in some cases the velocity and direction of travel of wireless devices.

6. North American Demand For Location Services
Industry analysts have forecasted that the location services marketplace in the United States will generate $4-8 billion annually by 2004.
FCC E mandate

7. Location Adds Value To Voice, Data, & Wireless Internet Services
Enhances voice related information and safety services
Enriches wireless data and telematics service offerings
Expands the types of wireless Internet applications and services supported through smart phones and intelligent devices
Differentiation via value-added location content
Enables more personalized information services

8. U.A. Federal Communications Commission Third Report and Order Docket 94-102
Phase I - April, 1998
Wireless carriers to supply cell site, sector, and call-back number for 911 calls.

9. FCC 94-102 Phase II Requirements for Handset Solutions
Wireless carriers must:
Begin selling and activating ALI-capable handsets no later than March 1, 2001;
Ensure that at least 50% of all new handsets activated are ALI -capable no later than October 1,2001; and
Ensure that at least 95% of all new digital handsets activated are ALI-capable no later than October 1, 2002

10. FCC 94-102 Phase II Requirements for Handset Solutions
Once a PSAP request is received:
Within 6 months or by October 1, 2001, whichever is later
Ensure that 100% of all new handsets activated are ALI-capable
Implement any network upgrades
Begin delivering location that satisfies Phase II requirements
Within 2 years or by December 31, 2004, whichever is later
Undertake reasonable efforts to achieve 100% penetration of ALI-capable handsets in its total subscriber base.

11. FCC 94-102 Phase II Requirements for Network Solutions
Once a PSAP request is received:
Within 6 months or by October 1, 2001, whichever is later
Ensure that 100% of all new handsets activated are ALI-capable
Implement any network upgrades
Begin delivering location that satisfies Phase II requirements
Within 2 years or by December 31, 2004, whichever is later
Undertake reasonable efforts to achieve 100% penetration of ALI-capable handsets in its total subscriber base.

12. FCC 94-102 Phase II Location Accuracy Requirements
For network-based solutions
100 meters for 67% of calls, and
300 meters for 95% of calls
For handset-based solutions
50 meters for 67% of calls, and
150 meters for 95% of calls
The FCC has directed carriers to report their plans for implementing E911 Phase II, including technology they plan to use to provide caller location, by October 1, 2000.

13. Technology Approaches
Network-Based Approaches
Time Difference of Arrival
Angle of Arrival
Multipath Analysis
Handset-Based Approaches
Global Positioning System
Network-Assisted GPS
Advanced Forward Link Trilateration
Enhanced Observed Time Difference

14. Network - Time Difference of Arrival
Requires specialized receivers to be placed at the base station
Uses existing cell towers and infrastructure
Uses very accurate clocks to determine the difference in time in which a radio signal reaches different cell sites. The difference in time is then resolved to determine position, velocity, and heading.

15. Network - Angle of Arrival
Requires specialized receivers to be placed at the base station
Requires construction of directional antenna array onto existing cell towers
Measures the direction of signal received at multiple towers with respect to antennas of known position to determine mobile position

16. Network - Multipath Analysis
Requires specialized receivers to be placed at the base station
Requires construction of a multipath database on a location grid for a specific service area
Uses existing cell towers and infrastructure
Uses the multipath database to match the transmitter’s signal characteristics to determine a point on the location grid

17. Handset - Global Positioning System
Requires GPS receiver and GPS antenna to be imbedded into the mobile telephone
Requires TDMA traffic channel resources to transmit location data
Employs signal timing techniques from four or more satellites from a constellation of 24 to determine position
Can require a significant time to compute position.

18. Network-Assisted Global Positioning System
Requires GPS receiver and GPS antenna to be imbedded into the mobile telephone
Requires TDMA traffic channel resources to transmit assistance and location data
Requires special servers to be placed throughout the area of coverage to assist mobile receivers with acquiring GPS signals
Mobile GPS receivers communicate with stationary GPS servers to assist in position determination

19. Handset - Advanced Forward Link Trilateration
A Time Difference of Arrival technique using the handset’s receiver.
Requires new phones with precise timing.
Needs systemwide Base Station Synchronization
Requires TDMA traffic channel resources to transmit location data

20. Handset - Enhanced Observed Time Difference
A Time Difference of Arrival technique using the handset’s receiver and specialized reference receivers
Requires new phones or new software in phones.
Requires addition of new receivers throughout the network
Requires TDMA traffic channel resources to transmit assistance messages and location data

21. The Evolving Standards for Location
TIA
TR PN-4985
geolocation for AMPS
estimated ballot, April 2000
TR PN-3890
geolocation network support for AMPS, TDMA
TR 45.3
no specific geolocation support at this time
3GPP2
IS-2000 (UWC-136B)

22. Compatibility with TDMA
Network Solutions
AOA, TDOA, Multipath Analysis require PN-3890 interconnect
does not require air interface modifications (TR 45.1, TR 4.3, UWC-136-B)
Handset Solutions
A-GPS, W-GPS, AFLT, E-OTD require PN-3820 interconnection
require air interface PN-4589 (TR 45.1) and UWC-136-B modifications

23. Implementation Considerations
Network-based approaches
Additional equipment in base station
Use of telecommunication links between base station and mobile switch
Added system testing
Added system maintenance
Handset-based approaches
Additional equipment (servers) in network
Use of air interface resources between mobile station and base station
Use of telecommunication links between base station and mobile switching center
Handset upgrades/replacement
Distribution/inventory logistics

24. Business Opportunities
Service differentiation
Revenue from new services
New subscribers as a result of new service offerings
More revenue from existing subscriber base
Improved retention as a result of enhanced services
Improved RF engineering efficiencies leading to cost reduction
Location is high value, low bandwidth data

25. Location Powers The Wireless Web
Expands the variety of Internet applications
Enriches value added Internet content
Enables personalized, customized information
Location is high value, low bandwidth data for mobile applications

26. Location Services Hotlist
Enhanced 911
Traffic Information
Enhanced 411 Directory/Information
Navigational Assistance
Enhanced Roadside Assistance
Location Based Billing
Fleet Tracking
Stolen Vehicle Recovery
Personal Location
RF/Network Optimization

27. Enhanced 911 Service Opportunity
Location data accompanied with 911 call, expedites emergency response time
FCC mandate (94-102) driving demand for location capability
Requires public safety answering point (PSAP) capable of displaying position data
Appeals to consumers demand/desire for safety and security
Improves retention
Can save lives

28. Traffic Information Services
Opportunity
Location enables customized, personalized traffic data based on actual users location or proximity to incidents
Value added content for the mobile professional
Strong demand for real-time traffic information
New service revenue
Service differentiation
Improves subscriber value proposition

29. Enhanced 411 Directory/Information Services
Opportunity
Location enables more personalized, customized information services
Mobile Yellow Pages - supports shopping, dining, banking, emergency-medical inquiries among many others
improves operator efficiency, don’t have to ask “where are you?”
Enhances consumer convenience
Creates more directory services applications
Drives minutes of use/volume of transactions

30. Enhanced Roadside Assistance
Service
Opportunity
Location enhances safety features of service
Location improves response times
Can assist in routing of calls to assistance centers
Strong demand from wireless users
New revenue stream
Bundled service offerings
Value-added retention tool

31. Navigational Assistance
Service
Opportunity
Provides users with real-time directions
Via live operator
Via mobile mapping Internet applications
Bundled service offering with real-time traffic conditions
Drives minutes of use/volume of transactions

32. Location Based Billing
Service
Opportunity
Tiered pricing based on users location at the time of call
Software defined geographic billing zones
Promotes usage at home or office
Migrate wireline minutes of use to wireless
Service differentiation
Increase revenue and profits from low marginal-cost airtime

33. Fleet/Vehicle Tracking
Opportunity
Service
Revenue from new service offering
Key application for highly mobile workforce
Bundled voice, data, location services
Location devices
Low-cost wireless transmitters
Standard mobile telephone
GPS
Lowest cost approach
Optional stolen vehicle recovery service

34. Personal Location Service Opportunity
Requires small wireless device, adaptable to a number of applications
Wireless location technology lowest cost approach
Huge untapped market for personal location services
Child location
Medical alert
Personal security

35. Network/RF Optimization
Service
Opportunity
Improves engineering response time to RF engineering problems
Reduces time required for traffic engineering activities
Provides hard data for new cell site placement
Reduces drive testing
All leading to reduced operating expenses
Carriers can use subscribers to drive test their networks
Mass volume location data with signal characteristics measured from multiple sites
Helps RF engineers
Quickly detect and correct adjacent and co-channel interference
Determine actual uplink coverage
Produce real-time coverage maps
True-up RF modeling software

36. Example Of A Network-Based Location System Integration Into Wireless E9-1-1 SystemBS
MSC
Location Network
LEC
911 SR
PSAP
Terminals
Voice
Caller ANI
Cell Site P-ANI
Caller Location
CPE
N-CAS
CAS
Tandem
Base Station (BS), Mobile Switch (MSC), LEC Tandem (LEC),
9-1-1 Tandem (911), Selective Router (SR), Call-Path Associated Signaling (CAS)
Non Call-Path Associated Signaling (N-CAS), Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP)

37. Handset-Based Location System Integration Into Wireless E9-1-1 SystemBS
MSC
LEC
911 SR
PSAP
Terminals
Voice
Caller ANI
Cell Site P-ANI
Caller Location
CPE
N-CAS LS
Tandem
Two-Way Air Interface
Messaging
Network
Base Station
Base Station (BS), Mobile Switch (MSC), LEC Tandem (LEC),
9-1-1 Tandem (911), Selective Router (SR), Landside GPS Server (LS)
Non Call-Path Associated Signaling (N-CAS), Public Safety Answering Point (PSAP)

38. For More Information Contact TruePosition at www.trueposition.com