1. Living in the Ottoman Empire
Directions: Create a chart of pros and cons about living in the Ottoman Empire using p and Ottomans, The New Champions of Islam Handout.
Pros
Cons

2. The Ottoman Empire Empire of Faith: Ottomans (0:00-4:10)

3. The Ottomans:#1 Turkish speaking from Central Asia Muslim
The last great Islamic empire in the world ( )

4. Osman I (1280-1324)#2 founded Ottomans
Ghazis: Muslim warriors who would conquer lands for plunder, glory, and to spread Islam
Ghazis took control of old Seljuk territories, and expanded into Christian-held lands

5. The Ottomans
Osman I and his Ghazi Warriors

6. Civil Service and Social Structure
Devshirme – 4:10 – 11:00
Practice of taking of young Christian boys, converting them to Islam, and training them for positions in either:
a) military – “Men of the Sword”
b) civil service – “Men of the Pen”
Men of Husbandry - Farming
Men of Negotiations – merchants #3

7. Civil Service and Social Structure
Janissaries
were trained as elite infantry in the Ottoman military
Vizier
High-ranking advisor to the Sultan. Often came from the devshirme system #3

8. Sultan Mehmet II (1400) #4 Mehmet II – 11:00 - 12:55
Story of Mankind – Siege of Constantinople
conquered Constantinople 1453
renamed it Istanbul (new capital)
Istanbul (not Constantinople) – Muppets or Actual Song
Effects #4
ends Byzantine Empire (1000 year Empire)
Ottoman control of trade #5
European sea exploration for trade routes to east to avoid the Ottomans

9. Expansion
Under their leader, Mehmet II, the Ottomans besiege and capture Constantinople 1453
This is a serious blow, as well as a threat, to Christian Europe.
Ottomans were the first to use large numbers of muskets and cannons, which gave them military and technological superiority #5 Cannons and Strategy 13:15-16:25
Early 16th-century Ottoman volley gun

11. Siege of Constantinople

12. Expansion
The Ottomans then begin to expand eastward into Muslim-controlled territory
Selim the Grim comes to power in 1512 after murdering his father and brothers (1512–1520)
Selim was an effective Sultan and General
Sultan: Ruler in a Muslim country

13. Expansion
Selim captures Arabia, Palestine, Persia, Syria, and sections of Egypt.
Captures the holy cities of Mecca and Medina
Ottomans now control much of the territory of the original Umayyad and Abbasid Caliphates
Turkish Sultans would later take the title of caliph, giving them religious authority

15. Ottoman Expansion

16. What was the source of Ottoman power? #5

17. 1. Skillful Government and bureaucracy: refers to the administrative system governing any large institution

18. 2. Control of Trade
Location
Control of the Waterways

20. 3. Wealth from trade and taxes

21. The lavishly decorated throne room of Topkapi Palace, home to Ottoman rulers until the early 20th century.

22. 4. Superior technology (the benefit of diffusion)

23. Golden Age
Sultan Suleiman I
( ) #6

24. Suleiman the Magnificent
Suleiman 21:29 – 24:48 and 27:00 – 33:00
Ottoman Empire reaches its height under Selim’s son, Suleiman.
Suleiman rules for 46 years, from 1520 to 1566 #6

25. Suleiman the Magnificent
His was sometimes called Suleiman the Lawgiver or Suleiman the Magnificent.
Suleiman was also a great general. His armies conquered much of southern Europe (The Balkans) and North Africa – expands empire
Expansion is finally stopped when he lays siege to Vienna, but fails to capture it.

26. Living in the
Ottoman Empire
Pros and Cons
(see chart)

27. Living in the Ottoman Empire
Directions: Create a chart of pros and cons about living in the Ottoman Empire using p and Ottomans, The New Champions of Islam Handout.
Pros
Cons

28. Sultan Suleiman I Magnificent or Lawgiver #6
skillful gov’t, bureaucracy
Shariah - Timar (land grants)
Reforms to improve gov’t, justice and economy
Tolerance -
millets:
Self governing; non-Muslim communities but loyalty to Sultans #7
Improved lives of slaves
art, literature, architecture
“Turkish style” (minarets)
Domed Mosque
Devshirme
Prosperous people=more taxes
Social Structure – set
Men of the Pen
Men of the Sword
Ruled with absolute power
By 1540 rule ½ “civilized world”
decline = inflation/poverty surrenders

29. Civil Service and Social Structure
Millets #7
Provinces of the empire were allowed their own local government.
Non-Muslim communities were loyal to sultan but were ruled by own religious leaders
Included Jews, Armenians, Orthodox Christians

30. Currently a Museum, formerly an Imperial Mosque (1453–1931) and Roman Catholic Cathedral (1204–1261); originally constructed as an Eastern Orthodox Cathedral (562–1204, 1261–1453).
Hagia Sophia, Istanbul 

31. Suleymaniye Mosque
Istanbul, Turkey

32. The "Blue Mosque" of Sultan Amet I in Istanbul, Turkey
The "Blue Mosque" of Sultan Amet I in Istanbul, Turkey. It was designed by the architect Mehemed Aja and built between 1609 and 1616 A.D. The sultan wanted his mosque to rival, if not surpass, the splendor of Hagia Sophia. This gem of Islamic architecture is known as the "Blue Mosque" because of the use of that color in the tiles and frescoes that decorate its interior walls. It has six minarets, a unique configuration.

33. Chief Rivals: Safavids #8
Abbas the Great (shah: Persian King #10 ) 1587 – 1629 – Ruled during Golden age #10
Persia (present day Iran) Capital: Isfahan
welcomed outside influence
Trade and commerce
Disputes: #9
Control of Mesopotamia
Religious:
Safavids: Shiite
Ottomans: Sunni
(Safavid from Islam DVD)

34. Ottoman Empire in Decline #11 The Europeans destroyed their strengths.

35. Ottoman Strength #1: Control of trade.
Europeans all water route to Asia
Around Africa

37. Ottoman Strength #2: Wealth
Discovery of the Americas
fantastic wealth for Europe from Aztec and Inca gold and silver.

38. Ottoman Strength #3: Technology
Industrial Revolution
surpassed the Ottoman superiority in technology
especially in production of weapons

39. The Empire Ends #12 Three reasons:

40. Nationalism: People ruled by the Ottomans wanted independence (Internal Force)
Europeans: Serbs, Croats, Bulgarians, Greeks.
Arabs

41. 2. European Imperialism (External Force)
Industrial revolution = need for raw materials
European industries wanted new markets
Large Military forces to control trade = Navy

42. 3. Competition between European nations led to WWI in 1914

43. Causes of WWI 1914-1918 Causes Video
Rise of Nationalism in Europe
Competition for Colonies
Arms races and militarism
Alliances

44. The Ottomans sided with Central Powers (Germany) and lost
The Ottomans sided with Central Powers (Germany) and lost. Treaty of Versailles On June 28, 1919, Germany and the Allied Nations (including Britain, France, Italy and Russia) signed the Treaty of Versailles, formally ending the war

45. WWI Effects on Arabs Angered by Treaty/agreement: Why?
Promises were made and broken to Arabs about setting up independent Arab Kingdoms for revolting against Ottoman rule
Arab land was divided up between the British and French
Sykes-Picot Agreement
Mandates:
A territory administered but not owned by a member of the League of Nations.

46. Mandates
A territory administered but not owned by a member of the League of Nations.

47. Turkey becomes a nation (1923) Treaty of Lausanne