1. LATE: Turn in your Project!(Major Grade)
Friday 11/6/2015
LATE: Turn in your Project!(Major Grade)
HW LATE: DNA vs. RNA coloring worksheet
Warm up: Transcribe DNA to RNA worksheet (6 mins)

2. Decoding activity What did you do in the first step?
What did you do in the second step?
What do you have to do in the last step?

3. Decoding activity Where is code symbol found in your cell?
Who is the messenger that transcribes (copies) message from the DNA in our cell?
Which biomolecule in our body gives us our trait? (protein or carbohydrate?)

4. Essential question: what are the steps of protein synthesis?
Objective: I will describe the steps of protein synthesis by acting them out and writing them down.
Essential question: what are the steps of protein synthesis?

5. Bell-Ringer: 11/15-PHONES IN POCKETS
Begin working on the DNA/RNA worksheet.
Place an “x” in the box if the statement is true of DNA, RNA, or Both!

6. 11/14-phones in pockets for quiz
Bring Role of RNA assignment to me for Stamp #9-Role of RNA.
Begin working on the DNA/RNA comparison chart.

7. 11/14-phones in pockets
Begin working on the DNA/RNA Warm-Up.

8. After the Quiz:
Begin working on the Breaking the Code handout.

9. Prompt: Explain the process of DNA replication Stamp #12-POGIL
11/28-phones away people. Don’t make me take those chunks of metal & plastic!
Writing sample time!
Prompt: Explain the process of DNA replication
Stamp #12-POGIL
Unit 6 Re-tests today through Friday. Get assignment from me!

10. Unit 6 Re-tests today through Friday. Get assignment from me!
11/28-phones away people. Don’t make me take those chunks of metal & plastic!
Stamp #12-POGIL
Unit 6 Re-tests today through Friday. Get assignment from me!

11. Protein Synthesis AKA Building Proteins

12. What is protein? Why do we need it? 10 amazing facts about proteins

13. Protein Synthesis What is the purpose of protein synthesis?
To build polypeptides / proteins for gene expression… what makes YOU, YOU!

14. Gene Structure: What is a gene?
A gene is a segment of DNA that contains information that is important for cells and organisms to survive and reproduce.

15. What types of info do genes have?
Some genes have information that is copied into RNA and these RNA molecules have a function in the cell or organism. These are called non-coding RNA (ncRNA)
Some genes have info that is copied into RNA and these RNA molecules have instructions on how to build a protein. These are called messenger RNA (mRNA) “photocopy.”

16. 4 Gene Regions:
Promoter: Region of a gene that tells RNA Polymerase where to latch on to the DNA.
Transcriptional Start Sequence: Where RNA Polymerase starts transcribing or copying information into a RNA “photocopy.”
Transcript Region: This region contains the information that RNA Polymerase copies into RNA. The transcript that is built is called the pre-mRNA transcript
Terminator: Region of a gene that tells the RNA polymerase to stop copying and unattach from the DNA.

20. Protein Synthesis How exactly do we make proteins from DNA?
Through a process called protein synthesis.
This occurs in TWO parts:
Part 1: Transcription
Part 2: Translation

21. Protein synthesis overview

22. Protein synthesis overview

23. Part 1 - Transcription
A copy of the instructions stored in DNA is made (mRNA)… a message to be used later!

24. Part 1 - Transcription
Remember: Transcription occurs in the Nucleus (DNA can’t leave the nucleus!)

25. Part 1 - Transcription
RNA Polymerase unwinds DNA section to be transcribed, separates the two strands of DNA
Only one side of DNA is transcribed into a complementary single strand of mRNA (“anti-sense” side) Non-transcribed side is called (“sense” side).

26. Part 1 - Transcription
3. mRNA leaves the nucleus, DNA zips back up

27. How does RNA polymerase know where to start and stop?
Promoter- A region on the DNA that instructs RNA Polymerase to START transcribing mRNA
Terminator- A region on the DNA that instructs RNA Polymerase to STOP transcribing and release mRNA

28. What is a codon? Codon = 3 bases on mRNA/Triplet =3 bases on DNA
One codon CODES for one amino acid (monomer of protein)

29. Protein Synthesis - Transcription
Location: Nucleus
mRNA
Non-template strand
“sense” U
Template strand
“anti-sense”
DNA
RNA Polymerase

30. Let’s Practice!
What is the name of the triplet (3 nitrogen bases) found on mRNA?
CODON

31. NUCLEUS Let’s Practice!
Where does transcription take place in the eukaryotic cell?
NUCLEUS

32. (template or sense strand)
Let’s Practice!
How many strands of DNA are used to make mRNA?
One
(template or sense strand)

33. RNA Polymerase Let’s Practice!
What enzyme unwinds the DNA and pairs the RNA nucleotides during transcription?
RNA Polymerase

34. One amino acid Let’s Practice!
One mRNA codon codes for how many amino acids?
One amino acid

35. Let’s Practice! Transcribe the DNA into mRNA: DNA: A T G C G A G A T
mRNA: U A C G C U C U A

36. Let’s Practice! Transcribe the DNA into mRNA: DNA: C G A A G T C C T
mRNA: G C U U C A G G A

37. Bell-Ringer: 11/16-PHONES IN POCKETS!
I am happy that you are here today! 
Now, turn to the page in your Journal that you titled “Transcription Practice,” and transcribe this segment of DNA to mRNA:
TAC CAT TAG ACT AAT TTA ATT

38. 11/15-Phones away Finish “breaking the code” from yesterday.
Reminders:
1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th-Last day for Re-test!
3rd-tomorrow is last day for re-test.
Extra credit available until Friday—due by 11/28
Finish “breaking the code” from yesterday.
Fold the blue translation notes in half, and glue onto you next blank page.
Glue the red codon chart on the next page.

39. 11/29-Phones away people!
Glue in the two transcription & translation summary worksheets side by side.
Complete steps a & b. ***USE a pencil***
Unit 6 re-takes today & tomorrow!

40. Part 2 - Translation
mRNA message is translated into a polypeptide / protein
Remember: Translation occurs at the Ribosome

41. Part 2 - Translation
mRNA attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm to begin translation.
mRNA codons (triplets) are paired with anticodons (triplets) on tRNA

42. Part 2 - Translation
3. Each tRNA carries one specific amino acid to ribosome
Each amino acid is connected by peptide bonds forming a polypeptide chain.

43. Part 2 - Translation
5. Process continues until mRNA is fully translated (STOP codon read) and protein has been made. tRNA is released back to cytoplasm.

44. Remember Another word for protein is Polypeptide
The subunit for protein is amino acid
There are 20 different types of amino acid

45. Protein Synthesis - Translation
Peptide Bond
Amino Acid
Protein
tRNA
Ribosome (rRNA)
Anticodon
Codon
mRNA

46. Protein synthesis recap

47. Let’s Practice!
Where is the codon found?
mRNA

48. Ribosome in the cytoplasm
Let’s Practice!
Where does translation occur?
Ribosome in the cytoplasm

49. One amino acid Let’s Practice!
One mRNA codon codes for how many amino acids?
One amino acid

50. Peptide bond Let’s Practice!
What bond binds amino acids together to make a polypeptide?
Peptide bond

51. Let’s Practice!
Where is the anti-codon found?
tRNA

52. Let’s Practice! What is the corresponding tRNA?
mRNA: U A C G C U C U A
tRNA: A U G C G A G A U

53. Let’s Practice! What is the corresponding tRNA?
mRNA: G G U U C A G G A
tRNA: C C A A G U C C U

54. Thursday, Nov 21st C

55. Codons CODE for Proteins
How do we READ the code found in mRNA?
A codon is made of every three (triplet) nitrogen bases (letters) on mRNA.
One codon CODES for one amino acid (monomer of protein)
Think of each codon in mRNA as one WORD in a sentence

56. Codons CODE for Proteins
3. There are 20 different amino acids
4. Different codon can code for SAME amino acid.
We use a codon chart or wheel to determine which amino acid is CODED for by the CODON
There are 64 different codon options
There are 20 different amino acids
This means there are several repeats!

57. Codons CODE for Proteins

58. Codons CODE for Proteins
Start from the inside and work your way out.

59. Let’s Practice!
Given the following, what is the amino acid for the following codon?
mRNA – CAU
tRNA – GUA
His or Histidine (CAU codes for this AA)

60. Let’s Practice!
Given the following, what is the amino acid for the following codon?
mRNA – ACG
tRNA – UGC
Thr or Threonine (ACG codes for this AA)

61. Let’s Practice!
DNA: GCT GTA
mRNA:
tRNA:
AA:

62. Let’s Practice!
DNA:
mRNA:
tRNA: GGA CCU
AA:

63. Complete the Build Your Own Taco activity.
1. Copy the DNA triplets onto the chart
2. Transcribe the DNA to mRNA
3. Translate the mRNA to the Amino Acid and tRNA.
4. Use the mRNA to find the Taco Ingredient.
Ingredients:
UAC-Softshell
AGA-Jalapenos
AUG-Hardshell
CCC-Lettuce
CAA-Chicken
UAU-Sour cream
UGG-Beef
CGU-Salsa
CAG-Cheese
ACC-Tomatoes
CUA-Guacamole

64. Does all of the mRNA code for proteins?
mRNA is made of Exons and Introns
Before mRNA leaves the nucleus it undergoes splicing – Introns are removed
Remember: Exons are expressed!

65. EXONS

66. Exons are Expressed