1. Ch. 1.4 New Patterns of Civilization: 6th – 16th centuries
Unification of the Islamic World & Development of Democracy in Europe in the Middle Ages

2. I. The World of Islam
In the 7th C., Muhammad spread a new faith: Islam, meaning “submission to Allah”
Born in Mecca in 570CE
While meditating on social problems in 610, a voice spoke to him & he preached those words to others
Collected & written as the Quran
Muhammad’s teachings known as the Hadith

3. Faith open to all (equality) Promise of reward at Day of Judgment
Hadith included the 5 Pillars (belief, prayer, charity, fasting & pilgrimage)
Faith open to all (equality)
Promise of reward at Day of Judgment
Faith united the Middle East & spread: N. Africa, Spain, Iraq, Iran, India, SE Asia
Shared values w/ Jews & Christians:
“People of the book”
God’s will & an individual relationship w/ God

4. II. Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1500
Charlemagne (Charles the Great)
Germanic king who conquered Italy & in 800 went to Rome to be crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III
Signaled the revival of the Roman Empire in the West
His rule helped define Western Europe & the Middle Ages: transition b/w ancient & modern worlds
1st ruler of a unified W. Europe since Rome fell (476)
Feudalism developed after his death in 814
Power belonged to nobles/lords who controlled political, economic, & social life
Coronation of Charlemagne
(VIDEO)

5. III. England in the High Middle Ages, 1000-1300
Bayeaux
Tapestry
William of Normandy, ruled as King of England ( ), known as the Norman conquest (Battle of Hastings)
All nobles & citizens had to swear loyalty to the King
By 12th C., under Henry II ( ) King expanded royal power by expanding power of royal courts
Common law replaced local law codes
William the Conqueror
Norman Architecture
Henry II

6. C. The Magna Carta, 1215
Nobles rebelled against King John b/c he raised taxes to pay for wars he lost against France
Forced to sign the M.C., which limited the King’s power
Guarantees included:
Clause 12: no taxation w/o consent
Clause 39: Due Process

7. D. Beginnings of Parliament, 13th C.
Legislative body arose under Edward I in 1295
2 House Chamber:
House of Lords (upper)
House of Commons (lower)
Created a balance of power b/w king & parliament

8. IV. Renaissance & Reformation, 14th-16th C.
Vitruvian Man, Relating man to nature – a study in mathematical proportion. He believed the workings of the body were analogous to the workings of the universe. [Encyclopedia Britannica].
Italian Renaissance
Reconnection w/ Greco-Roman ideals, focus on knowledge, humanism – living well in the here & now, rather than the afterlife
New techniques in art & architecture, questioning faith & the Church
The dissemination of ideas: the printing press (Gutenberg, 1450s)

9. B. The Protestant Reformation, 16th Century
Martin Luther’s 95 Theses, 1517
Critical of corruption in the Church, especially of the selling of indulgences, led to a split in the Church: Protestant & Catholic