1. HEREDITY

2. Gregor Mendel
Mendel discovered the principles of heredity while studying pea plants.

4. Mendel labeled all parental plants as P1 and the offspring as F1

5. HEREDITY
IS THE TRANSMISSION OF CHARACTERISTICS FROM PARENTS TO OFFSPRING.

6. GENETICS
THE FIELD OF BIOLOGY THAT INVESTIGATES HOW CHARACTERISTICS ARE TRANSMITTED FROM PARENTS TO OFFSPRING.

7. DOMINANT TRAIT
One of the traits is controlled by or is over-ridden by the other factor.
A characteristic that prevails.

8. RECESSIVE TRAIT This trait seems to fade into the background.
Recede – to go away or back off

9. To tell if a trait is dominant or recessive, compare the traits of P1 and F1 generations

11. Abby Glover
Brad Pitt

13. Dion Hill
Ashley Tisdale

15. Ashley Seavers
Johnny Depp

17. GENES A segment of a chromosome that determines a particular trait.
Each parent gives one set of genes to the offspring. The offspring that have two forms of the same gene for every characteristic.

18. ALLELES Different forms of the same gene
Dominant alleles are shown with a capital letter, and recessive alleles are always shown with a lowercase letter.
Ex. T – tall
t - short

19. HOMOZYGOUS
When two alleles for a trait are identical
Ex. T T

20. HETEROZYGOUS
When two alleles for a trait are not identical
Ex. T t

21. PUNNETT SQUARE
A diagram that summarizes Mendel’s calculations about the probability of different offspring being produced.

23. PHENOTYPE
An organisms appearance or other detectable characteristic (physical appearance)
EX. Skin color, eye color, hair color

24. GENOTYPE The entire genetic makeup of an organism
Describes the traits you get

25. Chromosomes are made from a chemical compound called deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA.
This is what the genes that are passed from one generation to the next are made of.

26. The structure of DNA is a double helix.

28. A double helix is like a ladder that is twisted to form a spiral.
The sides are made of sugars and phosphates and the steps are made of bases.

29. The bases are known as:
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine

30. The bases match up in the following ways:
Adenine – Thymine
Guanine - Cytosine

31. GENETIC ENGINEERING The manipulation of genes by humans.
Ex. Cure diseases
treat genetic disorders
manufacture medicines