1. Cellular Organelles
SB1.a. Explain the role of cell organelles for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including the cell membrane, in maintaining homeostasis and cell reproduction.

2. CELL (PLASMA) MEMBRANE :
What?
thin, flexible barrier between cell and environment
Fxn
Controls what goes in and out of the cell- selectively permeable
Where
Prok & Euk (Plant & Animal)
(ALL)

3. CELL WALL:
What?
outermost boundary
Fxn:
provides support and protection
Where?
plant cells only

4. NUCLEUS:
What?
Contains & protects DNA which is usually all tangled up in the form of CHROMATIN
Fxn:
controls all functioning of the cell- “brain” – if removed, cell dies.
Where?
Plant and animal

5. CHROMOSOMES/Chromatin
What?
Coiled strands of DNA
Fxn:
Carry hereditary traits
Where?
Both plant and animal

6. NUCLEOLUS:
What?
dark region inside the nucleus
Fxn:
Produces ribosomes
Where?
Plant and Animal

7. RIBOSOMES What? Look like small dots
Free ribosomes- float in cytoplasm
Attached ribosomes- connected to Rough ER
Fxn:
Site of protein synthesis
Where?
Both Prokaryote and Eukaryote
(plant and animals)

8. CYTOPLASM What? Jellylike material Fxn: Chemical reactions occur here
Where
Prokaryote AND Eukaryote (plant and animal)

9. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)
What?
Network of interconnected flattened sacs that are studded with ribosomes.
Fxn:
Provides a pathway thru which ribosomes make proteins. May enclose products in transport vesicles
Where
Plant and animal

10. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)
What?
No ribosomes, folded network of tubules outside rough ER.
Fxn:
Lipid Synthesis, detoxification by liver cells, store calcium ions
Where?
Both plant and animal

11. GOLGI APPARATUS:
What?
Stacked, flattened sacs (like pancakes)
Fxn:
Store, modify, transport macromolecules. Form lysosomes and transport vesicles.
Where?
Plant and animal

12. storage areas for food, water, enzymes and wastes
VACUOLES:
What?
Contractile vacuole: pump out excess water in single-celled water dwelling organisms
Central vacuole: large vacuole found in plants used for water storage
Fxn:
storage areas for food, water, enzymes and wastes
Where?
Plant and animal

13. LYSOSOME:
What?
Sac-like structure
Fxn:
Contain digestive enzymes that digest excess or worn out cell parts, food or invaders- “killer cells” or “suicide sacs”
Where?
Plant and animal

14. MITOCHONDRIA:
What?
Jelly bean shape with inner folds
Fxn:
“powerhouse” of cell- releases energy from food molecules and turns it into ATP
Where?
Plant and animal

15. CHLOROPLASTS:
What?
Contain green pigment called chlorophyll
Fxn:
Conversion of light energy to chemical energy of sugars- photosynthesis
Where?
Plant cells only

16. CYTOSKELETON What? inside cytoplasm: Microtubules- tube shaped
Microfilaments- hair-like
Fxn:
Help in movement and maintaining shape
Where?
Plants and animals

17. FLAGELLA:
What: Long tail-like projection that moves in whiplike motion
Fxn: movement
CILIA:
What: Hairlike projections that move in waves outside cell

18. Centrioles What? Found near the nucleus, made of microtubles Fxn:
Used in reproduction of the cell
Where?
Animal cells only