1. Chapter 1
1.2 Cells!

2. Cells, cells and more cells!
Living things are made up of cells!
Cells are the basic UNIT OF LIFE
Cells have different parts called “structures” that have different jobs.
We will mostly study animal and plant cells

3. Cell Facts… How many cells do we have in our body?
50 – 100 trillion (that’s 50 million million!)
That means that if you lined all
your cells up one after another
they would stretch around the Earth
47 times!!!
If you could count 1 cell each second, it would take you 2600 years!!!

4. Let’s look at the various cell structures….
Plant and animal cells contain many of the same structures but there are some differences.
Only PLANT cells have
- cells walls and
- chloroplasts.
Let’s look at the various cell structures….

5. Cell Structures
First let’s look at structures found in both animal and plant cells…
Cell Membrane
- “the security guard”
- like skin for the cell
- it protects the cell
- regulates particles coming in and out

6. Cell Structures 2. The Cytoplasm “the jelly”
inside of the cell contains a jelly-like substance
supports all the structures in the cell
also contains water that the cell needs!
Like Jello!

7. Cell Structures
Smaller structures in the cell that have a specific function are called “organelles”
3. The Nucleus
“the brain”
controls the cell’s activities
the DNA for the cell is also
found inside the nucleus

8. Cell Structures (singular = Mitochondrion) 4. Mitochondria
The “energy maker”
Makes energy so the cell can carry out its activities
Uses a process called
cellular respiration to make
energy

9. Glucose + Oxygen  ENERGY + CO2 + H2O
Cellular Respiration
How cellular respiration works:
We take in food (glucose) and our cells use this glucose to make ENERGY!
Glucose + Oxygen  ENERGY + CO2 + H2O

10. Cell Structures Protein plays many important roles in living things…
What is protein?
It’s an essential nutrient that WE need to build muscles, hair, skin, and nails.
CELLS need it to build various structures and carry out specific functions

11. Cell Structures 5. Ribosomes
Our cells have organelles in charge of making, moving and storing protein…
5. Ribosomes
little “protein factories”
they assemble the proteins
small round structures
found in the cytoplasm and on the ER

12. Cell Structures 6. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Looks like a fan or an accordian
Network of channels covered by a membrane
Proteins pass through the ER after they are assembled by the ribosomes
ER is always close to the nucleus!

13. Cell Structures 7. Golgi Body “like Fed-EX”
Proteins go through the ER to the Golgi body
Here the proteins are sorted, packed up in vesicles and sent around (or out of) the cell

14. Cell Structures 8. Vacuoles “storage sacs” Temporarily store Waste
Water
Nutrients
Large plant cell vacuole

15. Vacuoles in Plant & Animal Cells
Animals cells… Plant cells…
Have several small Have one large
vacuoles vacuole (usually)

16. Cell Structures 9. Lysosomes “recycling depots”
Recycle organelles that have worn-out
Have digestive enzymes that break down food, waste and worn-out cell parts

17. Cell Structures…Plants Only!
10. Cell Wall
“the city wall”
Surrounds the cell membrane
Tough and rigid
Gives the cell a box-like shape
Main jobs:
Protects the cell
Gives support

18. Cell Structures…Plants Only!
11. Chloroplasts
“food makers”
Look like stacked green pancakes
Trap the sun’s energy
Make oxygen and food for plant in a process called “photosynthesis”

19. This is a very important process…
Photosynthesis
Energy + CO2 + H2O  Food + O2
This is a very important process…
Plants take in carbon dioxide that we exhale and give us oxygen to breathe!

20. Important differences between plant and animal cells:
RECAP!
Important differences between plant and animal cells:
Plant cells have CELL WALLS
Plant cells have CHLOROPLASTS
Plant cells have much larger VACUOLES