1. Organic Molecules
The Chemistry of Life

2. The molecule illustrated below is a
Regulatory lipid
Storage lipid
Structural lipid
Dipeptide
Disaccharide

3. I. Overview
A. Limited number of elements are found in organic molecules
B. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Sulfur, Phosphate
C. Four major classes of organic molecules with different functions
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

4. II. General categories of reactions
A. Anabolic reactions
B. Catabolic reactions

5. III. Carbohydrates A. Introduction Elements found
Generalized formula suggested by name
Names often end in –ose
Generally concerned with energy usage and storage
Some carbohydrates are structural

6. III. Carbohydrates B. Monosaccharides
1. trioses, pentoses, and hexoses
2. hexoses most common
3. examples are glucose, fructose, and galactose
4. structural isomers of each other

7. Examples of monosaccharides

8. III. Carbohydrates
5. Hexose sugars exist either as straight chains or rings

9. III. Carbohydrates B. Disaccharides
1. two monosaccharides joined by a dehydration synthesis
2. three specific examples of dissacharides to memorize
Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose

10. Example of dissacharide formation

11. Two examples of the disaccharides

12. The empirical formula of a disaccharide is C12H24O12.
True
False

13. What is the correct answer?

14. III. Carbohydrates C. Polysaccharides 1. Structure 2. Examples
3. Why the name?

15. IV. Lipids-three types A. Storage lipids (a.k.a.fat)
1. component parts
2. glycerol
3. three fatty acids
a. saturated
b. unsaturated

16. Storage lipid synthesis

17. Difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids

18. IV. Lipids-three types B. Structural lipids (phospholipids)
1. structure
2. membrane

19. IV. Lipids-three types B. Structural lipids (phospholipids)
3. form a bilayer of membrane
4. fatty acid tails are hydrophobic
5. try to get as far away from water as possible

20. IV. Lipids-three types C. Regulatory lipids
1. Examples-based on cholesterol

21. IV. Lipids-three types C. Regulatory lipids
3. estrogen and testosterone

22. IV. Lipids-three types C. Regulatory lipids
4. notice that these don’t share common structure of first two
5. share in common that they dissolve in organic solvents

23. V. Proteins
A. Composed of monomer called amino acid

24. V. Proteins A. Composed of monomer called amino acid
1. some amino acids are polar

25. V. Proteins A. Composed of monomer called amino acid
1. some amino acids are polar
2. others are nonpolar

26. V. Proteins
B. Peptide bond formation
1. dehydration synthesis

27. V. Proteins
C. Levels of protein structure
1. primary
2. secondary

28. V. Proteins
C. Levels of protein structure
3. tertiary

29. V. Proteins
C. Levels of protein structure
4. Quaternary

30. V. Proteins
Types of protein
1. fibrous
2. globular

31. V. Proteins
E. Importance of primary structure and shape