1. Chapter 16
Cold War

2. Roots of the Cold War United States vs. Soviet Union
Capitalism/Democracy vs. Communism
Disagree on future of Eastern Europe
Occupied by Soviet troops
U.S. favors free elections
USSR favors establishment of satellite nations

3. Meeting the Soviet Challenge
Europe divided by Iron Curtain
Free/democratic/capitalistic West
Soviet-controlled/communist East
Containment – Keep communism in its present borders, don’t let it spread
Truman Doctrine – U.S. will help free nations stay free
Marshall Plan – U.S. gives $ to help European nations rebuild

4. Cold War Heats Up
U.S., British, French zones merge into West Germany/West Berlin
Soviet zone becomes East Germany/East Berlin
Berlin Airlift
West Berlin is an island of democracy in a sea of communism in East Germany
USSR cuts off access to West Berlin, hoping it would fall
U.S. and British drop supplies into West Berlin
Shows that U.S. and allies will not give in to USSR
NATO founded – U.S. and Western European allies
Warsaw Pact created – USSR and satellite nations

5. Arms Race Soviets develop atomic bomb U.S. develops hydrogen bomb
U.S. and USSR build up nuclear arsenals
MAD prevents either side from using nukes against each other
President Eisenhower favored massive retaliation
Built up stockpiles of nukes, subs, bombers, ICBMS
Brinkmanship used to thwart communist/Soviet aggression

6. Global Cold War Riots against Soviet rule in Poland and Hungary
Soviet army crushes Hungarian revolt – 1956
Suez Crisis
Egypt take control of Suez Canal, threatening flow of oil to Europe
GB, France, Israel planned to attack Egypt to gain control of canal
U.S. does not support its allies, they withdraw
Eisenhower Doctrine
U.S. will help any Middle Eastern nation threatened by communism
CIA puts anti-communist leaders in power (Iran)
Space Race – Competition in space
Soviets have early lead
1st satellite (Sputnik) 1st dog
Shocked U.S. responds, focuses on math/science, NASA created

7. China Communist forces led by Mao Zedong
Supported by ________
Nationalist forces led by Chiang Kai-shek
Communists win control of China, China becomes communist, Nationalists flee to Taiwan

8. Korea Divided at 38th parallel after WWII
USSR supports communist North Korea
US supports noncommunist South Korea
North Korea invades South Korea, US and UN help South Korea
War ends as stalemate (1953), Korea divided at 38th parallel

9. Effects of Korean War
Dwight D. Eisenhower wins 1952 election, promising to end the war
North Korea still communist, South Korea still US ally
US military spending increases, troops stationed around world
US supported alliance (SEATO) established in SE Asia to prevent spread of Communism

10. Red Scare Fear of communism and communist subversion
Belief that some Americans and high-ranking govt./military officials were working for the USSR or Soviet spies
Some truth to this belief
HUAC investigates subversive activities
“Guilty until proven innocent”
Many lose jobs or blacklisted – Hollywood Ten

11. Red Scare cont. Freedom of Speech threatened Alger Hiss
Govt. official accused and convicted of being a Soviet spy
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Convicted for being Soviet spies, executed
Controversial trial
Hiss and Rosenberg trials add fuel to belief that Soviets/Communists were infiltrating govt./society

12. McCarthyism
Senator Joseph McCarthy claims to have a list of state dept. officials who were communists
McCarthyism – Baseless accusations, extreme and reckless charges
Popularity increases
During televised Army hearings, McCarthy seen as bully and fraud  loses influence