1. Objective(s): Date: 9/24/2018 TSW explain Newton’s laws of motion.
Bellwork: (#29)
The rocket experiences a force that pushes it up into the air. Which of the following statements is true?
A. The rocket fuel is shot downward with an equal force.
B. The rocket exerts an upward force on its fuel.
C. The air does not experience any force as the
rocket passes through it.
D. The rocket has no mass, so it does not accelerate.

2. Matter
The term matter describes all of the physical substances around us: your table, your body, a pencil, water, and so forth

3. Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume)
Made up of different kinds of atoms

4. Matter is made of atoms

5. Atomic Structure
Nucleus
Protons
Neutrons
Electrons

6. The Atom
neutrons
electrons
protons

7. Atomic Structure Electrons Tiny, very light particles
Have a negative electrical charge (-)
Move around the outside of the nucleus

8. Atomic Structure Protons Much larger and heavier than electrons
Protons have a positive charge (+)
Located in the nucleus of the atom 

9. Atomic Structure Neutrons Large and heavy like protons
Neutrons have no electrical charge
Located in the nucleus of the atom 

10. The Atom

11. Describing Atoms Atomic Number = number of protons
The number of protons gives the atom its NAME
In a neutral atom, the # of protons = the number of electrons

12. Describing Atoms
Atomic Mass Number - equal to the number of protons plus neutrons.
Therefore, the number of neutrons equal the atomic number subtracted from the atomic mass number.

13. (Because it has 3 Protons)
What is an Atom?
Remember that the Number of Protons in the nucleus will determine what atom it is. For example: +
What Atom is this? _____________
Lithium
(Because it has 3 Protons)
3 p
To figure out the mass of this atom, you need to add up all particles with relative mass (Protons & Neutrons)
4 n + 7
MASS of the ATOM

14. Remember we read the Table Information like this:47 Ag
The Atomic Number is the Protons in the Nucleus of the atom.
The number of neutrons equal the atomic number subtracted from the atomic mass number.

15. More Practice ProblemsNe
Element: _________ Element: _________
Protons: _________ Protons: ________
Electrons: _________ Electrons: ________
Neutrons: _________ Neutrons: ________
Neon
Oxygen 10 8 8 10 10 16

16. More Practice ProblemsH Cl
Element: _________ Element: _________
Protons: _________ Protons: ________
Electrons: _________ Electrons: ________
Neutrons: _________ Neutrons: ________
Hydrogen
Chlorine 1 17 1 17 18

17. More Practice ProblemsHe C
Element: _________ Element: _________
Protons: _________ Protons: ________
Electrons: _________ Electrons: ________
Neutrons: _________ Neutrons: ________
Helium
Carbon 2 6 2 6 2 6

18. More Practice ProblemsK Al
Element: _________ Element: _________
Protons: _________ Protons: ________
Electrons: _________ Electrons: ________
Neutrons: _________ Neutrons: ________
Potassium
Aluminum 19 13 19 13 20 14

19. More Practice ProblemsFe
Element: _________ Element: _________
Protons: _________ Protons: ________
Electrons: _________ Electrons: ________
Neutrons: _________ Neutrons: ________
Boron
Iron 5 26 5 26 6 30

20. S Na Practice Problems 16 32 11 23 Sulfur Sodium 16 11 16 11 12 16
Element: _________ Symbol: _________
Protons: _________ Protons: ________
Electrons: _________ Electrons: ________
Neutrons: _________ Neutrons: ________
Sulfur
Sodium 16 11 16 11 12 16

21. Get ready for your “plicker” question *** It will be graded ***

22. Date: 9/26/20189/924/2018
Objective(s):
TSW describe the ways in which objects can become electrically charged.
 TSW distinguish between the two types of electric charge.
Bellwork:
List the names, charges, and locations of three kinds of particles that make up an atom.

23. Electric Charge and Static Electricity

24. Electric Charge All matter is made up of atoms Atoms contain
Protons (+)
Neutrons (0)
Electrons (-)
Complete #5 and #6 on pg. 52

25. Law of Electric Charges

26. Electric Force The force between the charged objects is an
The size of the electric force depends on 2 things:
The amount of charge (the greater the charge, the greater the force)
The distance between charges (the further the distance, the less the force)
Complete # 7 pg . 53

27. How Can You Charge Objects?
There are 3 ways objects can be charged:
Friction
Induction
Conduction
**In each of these, only the electrons move. The protons stay in the nucleus**
Read pg. 54 and complete #9

28. Friction
Charging by friction occurs when electrons are “wiped” from one object onto another.
Ex.
If you use a cloth to rub a plastic ruler, electrons move from the cloth to the ruler.
The ruler gains electrons and the cloth loses electrons.

29. Ex #4 1st Hair & balloon are both neutral
You rub your hair with a balloon. Explain using words & pictures, why your hair “sticks up”.
1st Hair & balloon are both neutral _ + _ _ + +
2nd Rubber balloon takes negative charges from the hair. So, balloon becomes negatively charged & hair becomes positively charged + _ + _
3rd Since hair is positive & like charges repel, hair sticks up!!!

30. Induction
Charging by induction happens when charges in an uncharged object are rearranged without touching with a charged object.
Ex.
If you charge up a balloon through friction and place the balloon near pieces of paper, the charges of the paper will be rearranged and the paper will be attracted to the balloon. TRY IT

32. Conduction
Charging by conduction happens when electrons move from one object to another through direct contact (touching).
Ex. Suppose you touch an uncharged piece of metal with a positively charged glass rod. Electrons from the metal will move to the glass rod. The metal loses electrons and becomes positively charged. 

33. Static Electricity
Static electricity is the build up of electrical charge on an object.
When something is static, it is not moving.
The charges of static electricity do not move away from the object that they are in. So, the object keeps its charge.
Ex. Clothes taken out of a dryer

34. Electric Discharge
The loss of static electricity as charges move off an object is called electric discharge.
Sometimes, electric discharge happens slowly.
Ex: static on clothes
Sometimes, electric discharge happens quickly.
Ex. wearing rubber-soled shoes on carpet, lightning

35. Conductors and Insulators
An electrical conductor is a material in which charges can move easily.
Most metals are good conductors because some of their electrons are free to move.
Conductors are used to make wires. For example, a lamp cord has metal wire and metal prongs.
Copper, aluminum, and mercury are good conductors.

36. Conductors and Insulators
An electrical insulator is a material in which charges cannot move easily.
Insulators do not conduct charges very well because their electrons cannot flow freely. The electrons are tightly held in the atoms of the insulator.
The insulating material in a lamp cord stops charges from leaving the wire and protects you from electric shock.
Plastic, rubber, glass, wood, and air are good insulators.
Read pg. 56
Complete #12

37. Semiconductors
Are special class of materials that conduct electrical charge better than electrical insulators but not as well as electrical conductors.
Their properties allow them to be used to control the flow of charge.

38. Conservation of Charge
When you charge something by any method, no charges are created or destroyed.
The numbers of electrons and protons stay the same. Electrons simply move from one atom to another, which makes areas that have different charges.
Read pg. 57
Complete #12 and 13

39. Get ready for your “plicker” question *** It will be graded ***

40. How do charged objects interact with each other?
Date: 9/26/20189/924/2018
Objective(s):
TSW distinguish between an electrical conductor and an electrical insulator.
TSW describe what makes semiconductors so important to today’s electronics.
TSW describe the conservation of electric charge.
Bellwork:
How do charged objects interact with each other?

41. Date: 9/28/20189/924/2018
Objective(s):
TSW participate in an eighth-grade class demonstration of a Van de Graaff generator.
TSW discuss how a Van de Graaff generator works.
Bellwork:
Distinguish between electrical conductors and insulators and give an example of each..

42. Bellwork: Objective(s): Define: Electric charge Electrical conductor
Date: 10/01/20189/924/2018
Objective(s):
TSW describe electric current.
TSW compare direct to alternating current, and describe some everyday devices that use each.
TSW describe voltage and its relationship to electric current.
TSW describe resistance and its relationship to electric current.
TSW describe factors that can affect resistance.
Bellwork:
Define:
Electric charge
Electrical conductor
Electrical insulator

43. You are the Teacher!
As a group, you will teach lesson 2. You will be assigned your topic.
Your group must teach a lesson and require your students to complete an assignment to reinforce your lesson.
Your assignment can be an organizer, a worksheet, a puzzle, etc.
Group 1: What is electrical resistance? Group 2: What is electric current?
Group 3: What are two kinds of current? Group 4: What is electrical resistance?
Group 5: What is electric current Group 6: What are two kinds of current?
Group 7: What is electrical resistance? Group 8: What is electric current

44. Bellwork: Objective(s): How can an object become charged? (3 ways)
Date: 10/02/20189/924/2018
Objective(s):
TSW describe electric current.
TSW compare direct to alternating current, and describe some everyday devices that use each.
TSW describe voltage and its relationship to electric current.
TSW describe resistance and its relationship to electric current.
TSW describe factors that can affect resistance.
Bellwork:
How can an object become charged? (3 ways)

45. You are the Teacher!
As a group, you will teach lesson 2. You will be assigned your topic.
Your group must teach a lesson and require your students to complete an assignment to reinforce your lesson.
Your assignment can be an organizer, a worksheet, a puzzle, etc.
Group 1: What is electrical resistance? Group 2: What is electric current?
Group 3: What are two kinds of current? Group 4: What is electrical resistance?
Group 5: What is electric current Group 6: What are two kinds of current?
Group 7: What is electrical resistance? Group 8: What is electric current

46. Bellwork: Objective(s):
Date: 10/03/20189/924/2018
Objective(s):
TSW describe the parts of an electric circuit.
TSW distinguish between open and closed circuits.
TSW distinguish between a series circuit and a parallel circuit.
Bellwork:
What factors affect how strong the electric field is between two charged objects?

47. What are two kinds of current? How does the current move in each one?
Date: 10/05/20189/924/2018
Objective(s):
TSW complete an assessment over Unit 2 lesson 1 and 2.
Bellwork:
What are two kinds of current? How does the current move in each one?

48. Bellwork: Objective(s):
Date: 10/15/20189/924/2018
Objective(s):
TSW describe the parts of an electric circuit.
TSW distinguish between open and closed circuits.
TSW distinguish between a series circuit and a parallel circuit
Bellwork:
What are two kinds of current? How does the current move in each one?

49. The rate of flow of electric charges is called electric current.
Unit 2 Lesson 2 Review
The rate of flow of electric charges is called electric current.
Electric current is measured in amperes (amps).
Two types of Current:
Alternate current- charges repeatedly shift from one direction to flowing in the reverse direction.
Direct current- charges flow in one direction
What affects electric current?
Voltage and resistance
Voltage is the amount of work required to move each unit of charge between two points. Higher voltage produces a higher rate of flow of electric charges in a given wire.
Voltage is expressed in volts(V).

50. What affects electric current?
Unit 2 Lesson 2 Review
What affects electric current?
Voltage and resistance
Some materials do not allow electric charges to move freely.
The opposition to the flow of electric chare is called resistance.
Resistance is measured in ohms (Ω).
Resistance is affected by:
Material composition
Thickness
Temperature
length
Read more on page 65

51. ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
Introduction to
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS

52. Electric Circuits
An electric circuit is a complete closed path through which electric charges can flow.
Circuits contain 3 basic parts:
An energy source (battery)
An electrical conductor (wire)
A load/receiver (light bulb, radio, computers, etc.)

53. A SIMPLE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT GLOBE WIRE BATTERY SWITCH
Teacher Guide
Click on the light switch to turn the globe on and off.
WIRE
BATTERY
SWITCH
Show Teacher Guide
Hide Teacher Guide

54. A SIMPLE ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT GLOBE WIRE BATTERY SWITCH
Teacher Guide
Click on the round white terminals of the switch or the black bar of the switch to light switch to turn the globe on and off.
WIRE
BATTERY
SWITCH
Show Teacher Guide
Hide Teacher Guide

55. COMMON ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS Show Teacher Guide Hide Teacher Guide
BATTERY x1
BATTERIES x2
BATTERIES x3
Teacher Guide
Click to display each component.
GLOBE
SWITCH
CLOSED
(ON)
SWITCH
OPEN
(OFF)
WIRE
WIRES CROSSING
BUT NOT CONNECTED
Show Teacher Guide
Hide Teacher Guide

56. Schematic Diagrams Simple diagrams which describe electric circuits
Connecting Wire
Battery
Resistor
Capacitor
Open Switch
Closed Switch

57. ELECTRICALCIRCUITS SERIES
A series circuit is a circuit where there is only one path from the source through all of the loads and back to the source. This means that all of the current in the circuit must flow through all of the loads.
Teacher Guide
Click on the light switch to turn the globe on and off.
Click on page to display text.
Show Teacher Guide
Hide Teacher Guide

58.  DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SERIES & PARALLEL CIRCUITS Show Teacher Guide
Click on the light switches to turn the globes on and off.
Note the relative brightness of globes.
Click on an illuminated globe to “break” it. Note the effect.
Click red arrow to reset (repair globes).
Click elsewhere to proceed to next slide. 
Show Teacher Guide
Hide Teacher Guide

59. SERIES PARALLEL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SERIES & PARALLEL CIRCUITS
Teacher Guide
Click to display textboxes.
If one globe burns out
or is removed, all globes
will stop working.
If one globe burns out
or is removed, all other globes will continue working.
The voltage is shared between each globe, resulting in reduced
brightness.
Each globe receives the full voltage of the source, resulting in all globes burning at the same brightness regardless of the number of globes.
Serial circuits are cheap and easy to construct.
Parallel circuits require more effort to construct.
Show Teacher Guide
Hide Teacher Guide

60. This is called a SHORT circuit
PREDICT WHAT WILL HAPPEN WHEN THE SWITCH IS ON
Teacher Guide
Click on the light switches to turn the globe on.
Nothing should happen.
Discuss short circuits.
This is called a SHORT circuit
Show Teacher Guide
Hide Teacher Guide

61. Short Circuits
Short Circuit: Insulation wears away, causing wires to touch, shortening the circuit
This bypasses the normal resistance of the circuit
Draws very large currents

62. This is also called a SHORT circuit but instead, the light stays on.
PREDICT WHAT WILL HAPPEN WHEN THE SWITCH IS OFF
Teacher Guide
Click on the light switches to turn the globe off.
Nothing should happen.
This is also called a SHORT circuit but instead, the light stays on.
Show Teacher Guide
Hide Teacher Guide

63. WHERE WOULD YOU FIND THIS
CIRCUIT?
Teacher Guide
Click on the light switches to turn the globes on and off.
Discuss household lighting circuits.
Click elsewhere to proceed to next slide.
This is a common circuit. Lighting in a house consists of a parallel circuit with individual switches for each light. ~
Show Teacher Guide
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64. ~ WHERE WOULD YOU FIND THIS CIRCUIT? This is a SAFETY circuit.
Teacher Guide
Click on the light switches to turn the globes on and off.
Safety switch will override all other switches.
This is a SAFETY circuit.
Individual globes (or machines) can be switch on and off by their own switches, but a safety switch can shut off all devices at once. ~
Show Teacher Guide
Hide Teacher Guide

65. ~ ~ ~ ~ WHERE WOULD YOU FIND THIS CIRCUIT? 1 2
Teacher Guide
Click on the AC power source symbol to cycle through switching scenarios.
Click on slide to display image of staircase.
Discuss 2-way switches.
This is a TWO-WAY circuit.
The light is controlled by two switches. These are often found at staircases, where the light can be switch on or off at the top or bottom of the stairs. 1 2
Show Teacher Guide
Hide Teacher Guide

66. Parallel Series CHRISTMAS TREE LIGHTS SERIES OR PARALLEL CIRCUITS?
Teacher Guide
Click to fade Christmas tree to reveal series circuit.
Click to show parallel circuit.
Parallel
Series
Show Teacher Guide
Hide Teacher Guide

67. CHRISTMAS TREE LIGHTS SERIES
If one globe burns out, all lights will go out. The circuit is no longer closed.
Teacher Guide
Click on slide to “break” a globe.
Note all globes do not work.
Show Teacher Guide
Hide Teacher Guide

68. CHRISTMAS TREE LIGHTS PARALLEL
Teacher Guide
Repeatedly click on the slide to break globes.
Note all other globes remain working.
Repeat until all globes are off.
If one globe burns out, all other lights will remain on. The circuit is still closed.
Show Teacher Guide
Hide Teacher Guide

69. Date: 10/16/20189/924/2018
Objective(s):
TSW describe the parts of an electric circuit.
TSW distinguish between open and closed circuits.
TSW distinguish between a series circuit and a parallel circuit
Bellwork:
Complete the Venn diagram for series and parallel circuit. ( Look at promethean board)

70. Bellwork: (Look on Promethean board for picture)
Date: 10/17/20189/924/2018
Objective(s):
TSW describe the parts of an electric circuit.
TSW distinguish between open and closed circuits.
TSW distinguish between a series circuit and a parallel circuit
Bellwork: (Look on Promethean board for picture)
Four electrical circuits were constructed including a torch globe, a battery and either a glass marble, an iron nail, a piece of aluminum foil or a pencil lead.
Which of the globes will light up?
Why would these globes light up?
Why would the other globe(s) not light up?

72. Which of these circuits can make the three bulbs light?
Date: 10/18/20189/924/2018
Objective(s):
TSW describe the parts of an electric circuit.
TSW distinguish between open and closed circuits.
TSW distinguish between a series circuit and a parallel circuit
Bellwork:(Look on Promethean board for picture)
A class prepared some electric circuits using battery, connecting wires, and three light bulbs.
Which of these circuits can make the three bulbs light?

74. Electric lights will not come on unless their electrical circuit is a
Date: 10/19/20189/924/2018
Objective(s):
TSW describe the parts of an electric circuit.
TSW distinguish between open and closed circuits.
TSW distinguish between a series circuit and a parallel circuit
Bellwork:
Electric lights will not come on unless their electrical circuit is a
a. parallel circuit
b. series circuit
c. closed circuit
d. short circuit

75. 9/19/18Assignment
The best class will receive 20pts added to yesterday’s assessment grade.
Today: Read each question, circle the correct answer. Then find the question number on the picture and color it the color you circled.
Place all coloring pencils back into bag. Turn in your picture in the correct basket. Make sure your name is on the paper.