1. CHAPTER 22 OVEVIEW NOTES

2. NEW TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY:
Steel
(an alloy of iron and carbon)
Chemicals: aspirin, perfumes, soaps, fertilizers;
and dynamite, invented by
Alfred Nobel, who, because of his guilt for how his invention became to be used, established world
peace prizes for worthy recipients
Electricity
Interchangeable parts
Assembly line

3. CITY LIFE:
Population explosion
Germ theory > antiseptics, immunizations, pasteurization, sterilization, hospitals:
EXAMPLES:
Joseph Lister who introduced antiseptics;
Louis Pasteur, a microbiologist, who
invented a method for killing bacteria in
milk;
Florence Nightingale who began
the first nursing school in Britain after witnessing first hand the unsanitary methods used on war veterans of the Crimean War

4. Urban renewal >
sidewalks, sewers, skyscrapers, entertainment centers
Slums & Tenements
Mutual Aid societies > Labor Unions
Capitalists corporations >led to monopolies > led to government regulation
Improved standard of living

5. NEW COMMUNICATION:
Telegraph
Telephone
Radio

6. NEW TRANSPORTATION:
Steamships
Railroads
Automobiles
Airplanes

7. NEW ATTITUDES AND VALUES:
Suburban middle-class dominance
Cult of domesticity > idealization that “a woman’s
place is in the
home”
Women’s suffrage > 1920 right to vote realized in
19th Amendment to U.S. Constitution
Temperance movement to ban use of
alcohol
Public education > universities and colleges

8. Social Darwinism > idea introduced by Charles
Darwin who claimed “survival of the
fittest” > led to
racism
Social gospel > Christian social service

9. NEW CULTURAL IDEOLOGIES:
Romanticism – literary & artistic movement to
glorify
nature; sought to excite strong emotions

10. Realism – movement that focused on the harsh
side of life in cities and villages, encouraging improvement

11. Impressionism – movement to achieve a fresh
view of familiar objects, including the art of
photography