1. Making a danger point safe Access guarding Perimeter guarding Safeguarding an area Calculating the minimum safety distance S according to EN 999

2. S = ?

3. Calculating the minimum safety distance S according to EN 999 S S = K x T + C S = Minimum safety distance in mm K = Approaching speed in mm/ms T = Time between interrupting the sensing field and machine standstill in ms C= Additional distance depending on resolution in mm General formula:

4. Calculating the minimum safety distance S according to EN 999 S Measures against over reaching Measures against under reaching Measures against reaching from the side Measures against reaching from back Measures may be either screwed on mechanical parts or electrically locked doors. The sensing field of the AOPD must be the only access to the danger point

5. Calculating the minimum safety distance S according to EN 999 S = (K x T) + C S= Minimum safety distance in mm K= 2 mm/ms approaching speed T= t1 + t2 + t3 in ms t1: response time of the AOPD t2: response time of the safety interface t3: stopping performance of the machine C= 8 x (d - 14) in mm d= resolution of the AOPD (range 14 to 40 mm) Formula for AOPDs up to 40 mm resolution and perpendicular approach to the sensing field: S [mm] = (2 [mm/ms] x (t1+t2+t3) [ms]) + 8 (d - 14) [mm] S t1 t2 t3 If the result is lower than 100 mm, a minimum distance of 100 mm must be maintained. If the result is higher than 500 mm, K can be reduced to 1.6 mm/ms. In this case 500 mm is the minimum.

6. y = slope of your finger Calculating the minimum safety distance S for example S [mm] = 2 [mm/ms] x (t1+t2+t3) [ms] + 8 (d - 14) [mm] Looking at C:C = 8 x (d-14) : d14 30 40 C 0128208 y = mx + b y = 8d – 112

7. moving part fixed part Sensor Evaluation Unit 19.99 logic unit 85 250 standstill recognition tachometer MAXIMUM SPEED STOPPING TIME SLOWING-DOWN PATH mm ms m/s stop Uref path hold start precision potentiometer point of stopping command output Principle of a Stopping-Performance Measurement Device

8. Resolution of an AOPD Resolution d = pitch p + lens diameter Ø d = p + Ø Channel p Ø

9. Resolution of an AOPD Resolution d = pitch p + lens diameter Ø d = p + Ø p Ø Channel d < p + Ø

10. Resolution of an AOPD Resolution d = pitch p + lens diameter Ø d = p + Ø p Ø Channel d > p + Ø d

11. Calculating the minimum safety distance S according to EN 999 S Channel Stepping behind protection using master and slave units (different resolutions possible). Note: Calculate both for vertical and horizontal

12. Calculating the minimum safety distance S according to EN 999 Direction of approach parallel to the sensing plane of the AOPD S Channel H d Relationship between height of the sensing plane above ground and resolution of the AOPD: d = resolution of the AOPD H = height of the AOPD above ground H = 15 x (dmax - 50) [mm] dmax = H/15 + 50 [mm] Minimum safety distance S: S = K x T + C K = 1.6 mm/ms T = (t AOPD + t Interface + t Machine) in ms C = (1200 - 0.4 H) in mm H < 1000 mm H < 300 mm is considered not to allow crawling underneath (< 850 mm) Note: @300mm : 70mm resolution, consider RS4-4

13. Calculating the minimum safety distance S according to EN 999 Access and perimeter guarding with AOPD Formula for multiple beam AOPDs: S = K x T + C K = 1.6 mm/ms approaching speed T = t AOPD + t Interface + t Machine in ms C = 850 mm (arm length) 400 mm 900 mm 1100 mm 700 mm 300 mm

14. Calculating the minimum safety distance S according to EN 999 S = K x T + C C = 1200 - 0,4 x H in mm Cmin = 850 mm SFT = Depth of protection field Hmin = 15 x (d - 50) H = Heights of scanning plain d = Resolution of AOPDDR d = 70 mm Hmin = 300 mm Hmax = 1000 mm S H SF T S = Safety distance in mm K = 1.6 mm/ms T = t AOPDDR +t Interface + t Machine in ms NOTE: for mobile applications resolutions of 150mm and less Thermal scanners also see dust dirt, hot and cold!