1. What factors have led to some countries becoming more globalised than others?
What factors have led to some countries becoming more developed than others?
Discussion point between pupils – pupils are to use the discussion point to reflect on prior learning.

2. Key Enquiry Question 3: What are the consequences of globalisation for global development and the physical environment and how should different players respond to its challenges?
Lesson 14
LO: To be able to examine how globalisation has complex outcomes for development and the environment at different geographical scales.
Concept Checker:
3.7b. Trends in widening inequality, globally and nationally (measured using the Gini Coefficient), suggest globalisation has created winners and losers for people and physical environments between and within developed, emerging and developing economies.
3.7c. Contrasting trends in economic development and environmental management between global regions since 1970 indicate differential progress that can be related to the outcomes from globalisation.
Key terms:
Gini coefficient
Agribusiness

3. Economic Groupings of Nations
High Income
Middle Income
Low Income
Use the card sort task – pupils to take the card sort and place each nation where they think they belong – debrief as a class and have pupils suggest why they placed certain countries in each category.

4. Explain to pupils that many countries have advanced from low income to middle income status since the 1970s, resulting in a ‘three-speed’ world of developed, emerging and developing economies.

5. What is happening with inequality?

6. But what about within nations?
There is a growing wealth divide within nations. In China and Indonesia, the majority of people are better off than previous generations when their income is measured in real terms. Yet they are economically worse off than before in relation to the richest members of their society. The Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient are useful analytical tools that can help us explore these patterns and trends further.
Have pupils read about the Gini Coefficient from page 201 first – they are then to watch the lecture on how this works with the Lorenz curve (see next slide)

7. How do the Lorenz Curve and Gini Coefficient work?

8. Step 1—Raw Data Adrian $ 90.00 Bob 15.00 Cathy 70.00 Derek 200.00$
Bob
15.00
Cathy
70.00
Derek
200.00
Eddie
125.00
Pupils are then to work through the worksheet to practice the skills focus for creating a Lorenz Curve and calculating the Gini Coefficient

9. Step 2—Arrange in Ascending Order
Bob
$15.00
Cathy
70.00
Adrian
90.00
Eddie
125.00
Derek
200.00

10. Step 3—Find Total Income
Bob $
Cathy
70.00
Adrian
90.00
Eddie
125.00
Derek
200.00
Total
$500.00

11. Step 4-Find % of Income Bob 15.00 15/500 = 3% Cathy 70.00 70/500 = 14%
15/500 = 3%
Cathy
70.00
70/500 = 14%
Adrian
90.00
90/500 = 18%
Eddie
125.00
125/500 = 25%
Derek
200.00
200/500 = 40%
Total
$500.00

12. Step 5 – Find Cumulative % of Income
Bob 3%
Cathy
14%
17%
Adrian
18%
35%
Eddie
25%
60%
Derek
40%
100%

13. Step 6 - Plot the Data

14. Step 7 – Find Area Under Lorenz Curve

15. Calculating the area Area 1 = 0.5 * (0+0.03) *0.2 =

16. Step 8a - Finding the Gini Coefficient
Subtract Area under Lorenz Curve from .5.
= .17
This is the area between perfect equality and Lorenz Curve

17. Step 8b – Find the Gini Coefficient
The Gini Coefficient is found by taking the ratio of the Area capsulated by the area of the right triangle. In this case, .17/.50 or .34.
One could simply multiply by 2

18. Step 9a--Finding the Gini Coefficient
Gini shows income disparity
A high Gini shows that wealth is concentrated among a few
A low Gini shows more equitable distribution

19. Selected Gini Coefficients

20. But what about the environment?
Using your iPad, go to Experiment with the data sets to produce tables, line graphs and bar graphs showing environmental and development patterns for selected regions and countries. Challenge – have a look over the Gapminder Tools website as well to visualise development data. Describe the trends you find.