1. Determinism is the philosophical belief that every event or action is
the inevitable result of preceding events and actions. Thus, in principle at least, every event or action can be completely predicted in advance, or in retrospect.
Having understood what is meant by determinism, initial conditions, and uncertainty
of measurements, you can now learn about dynamical instability,
which to most physicists is the same in meaning as chaos.
One of the important innovations that created modern science around the year 1500 A.D.
was the idea that the laws of the material universe could be understood
meaningfully only by expressing physical properties as quantified measurements,
that is, in numerical terms and not just in words.
you have learned that in a chaotic system, using the laws of physics to make precise
long-term predictions is impossible, even in theory. Making long-term predictions to any
degree of precision at all would require giving the initial conditions to infinite precision.
One of the fundamental principles of experimental science is that no real
measurement is infinitely precise, but instead must necessarily include a
degree of uncertainty in the value.