1. Medieval Kashmir (1339-1586): A Synoptic View of Sources
Prof. MANZOOR AHMAD BHAT
M.Ed., N.E.T., Ph .D
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2. MAJOR CLASSIFICATION A----EXTINCT B----EXTANT
C----ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCES
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3. A----EXTINCT SOURCES ----REIGN OF Z.A. (1420-70)
----CHRONICLES IN SANSKRIT, PERSIAN AND KASHMIRI
(I) JAINA CARITA ----NOTTHOSOMA PANDIT (ON LIFE AND ACHIEVEMENTS OF Z.A.)
(2) MULLA AHMAD & MULLA NADIRI ‘S ACCOUNT
(3) TARIKH-I QADI HAMID & MUNTAKHABUT TAWARIKH BY HASAN BEIG
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4. B----ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCES
----VERY SCANTY
----COINS (NAMES AND TITLES OF SULTANS)
----PALACES, MASAJID, KHANQAHS
----TOMB OF MADIN SAHIB AND MAZAR-I SALAATIN
-----JAMIA MASJID, KHANQAH-I MU’ALLA
----FEW INSCRIPTIONS
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5. C---EXTANT SOURCES CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO THE FOLLOWING:-
(I) WEST ASIAN SOURCES
(II) CONTEMPORARY SANSKRIT SOURCES
(III) PERSIAN SOURCES
(IV) KASHMIRI LITERATURE AND FOLKLORE
(VI) EUROPEAN ACCOUNTS
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6. (I) WEST ASIAN SOURCES 1…..MAS’UDI, MURUJ AL-DHAHAB
2….BALAZURI, FUTUH AL-BULDAN
3….MUQADDASI, KITAB AHSAN AL-TAQASIM FI MA’RIFAT AL- AQALIM
4….IDRISI, NUZHAT AL-MUSHTAQ FI KHITRAT AL-AFAQ
5….ABU HAMID KUFI, CHACH NAMA
6….SHAHARYAR BIN BUZURUG, ‘AJAIB AL-HIND
7….DIMASHQI, NUKHBAT AL-DAHR FI ‘AJAIB AL-BAR WA AL-BAHAR
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7. (II) CONTEMPORARY SANSKRIT SOURCES
(I) RAJATARANGNI BY KALHANA ( EARLIEST TIMES UPTO )
( 2) RAJATARANGNI BY JONARAJA ( )
( 3) JAINA R.T BY SRIVARA ( )
(4) RAJAVALIPATAKA BY PRAJYA BHATTA ( )
(5) R.T BY SUKA PANDITA ( )
(6) LOKAPRAKASA BY KSEMENDRA (D.1066)
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8. (III) PERSIAN SOURCES)
(A) CONTEMPORARY PERSIAN WORKS
(B) LATER PERSIAN WORKS
THE CONTEMPORARY PERSIAN WORKS CAN BE FURTHER DIVIDED INTO:
1. KASHMIR CHRONICLES
2. GENERAL HISTORIES OF INDIA
3. MUGHAL HISTORIES
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9. ----BAHARISTAN-I SHAH-I BY TAHIR (Rinchin-1640)
4. CENTRAL ASIAN HISTORIES
5. HISTORIES OF DELHI SULTANATE
1. KASHMIR CHRONICLES:-
----T.K. BY SAYYID ‘ALI - ( up to 1579)
----T.K . BY ANONYMOUS AUTHOR(1590)
----BAHARISTAN-I SHAH-I BY TAHIR (Rinchin-1640)
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10. ----T.K. BY HASAN BIN ‘ALI (UPTO 1616)
----T.K. BY HAIDAR MALIK ( upto 1621)
( 2) GENERAL HISTORIES OF INDIA
----MUNTAKHABUT TAWARIKH BY M.A.Q. BADAYUNI.
----HAFT IQLIM BY AMIN AHMAD RAZI (GEOG. ENCY. COMPLETED IN 1594)
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11. ----MA’SIR-I RAHIM-I BY ABDU’L BAQI (1616) ----TARIKH-I FIRISHTA
---- TABAQAT-I AKBAR-I BY NIZAMU’D DIN (EARLIEST UPTO 1586)
----MA’SIR-I RAHIM-I BY ABDU’L BAQI (1616)
----TARIKH-I FIRISHTA
---- BY M.QASIM
---- MAJALISU’L SALATIN BY M.SHARIF AL-NAJAFI - (1629)
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12. (3) MUGHAL HISTORIES OF INDIA
---- AKBAR NAMA AND A’IN-I AKBAR-I BY ABU’L FADAL
---- TUZUK-I JAHANGIR-I
---- MA’ASIRU’L UMARA BY SHAMSAMU’D DAULA
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13. (4) CENTRAL ASIAN HISTORIES
---- KITABU’L HIND BY ABU REHAN AL- BIRUNI (WROTE ABOUT 125 YRS BEFORE KALHANA)
---- TARIKH HIND WA SINDH BY RASHID- UD DIN FADLULLAH (Chap.VI)
---- MALFUZAT-I TIMUR-I
---- ZAFARNAMA BY SHARAFU’D-DIN ‘ALI YAZDI - ( Sikandar and Timur relations)
---- TARIKH-I RASHID-I BY M. HAIDAR DUGHLAT - ( )
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14. (5) HISTORIES OF DELHI SULTANATE
---- VERSES OF TWO PERSIAN POETS; ZIAUD DIN AL-HARAWI & SHARAF AL- ZAMAN ( both quoted by AUFI in his LUBAB AL –ALBAB)
---- TARIKH-I MUBARAK SHAH-I BY YAHYA BIN AHMAD SIRHINDI
---- BASATIN AL-UNS BY IKHTASAN
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15. (B) LATER PERSIAN WORKS
1. T.K.- BY NARAYAN KAUL AAJIZ ( 1710)
2. NAWADIRUL AKHBAR - BY ABA RAFI UD DIN AHMAD (1723)
3. GAWHAR-I AALAM - BY BADI-UD DIN ABUL QASIM (1786)
4. HASHMAT-I KASHMIR - BY AB. QADIR KHAN( 1859)
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16. 4. BIOGRAPHIES OF THE SAINTS
----Khulasatu’l Manaqib by N.D.J. Badakhshi
----Munqabatu’l Jawahir by ----do--- -
----R.Maktubat by S.A.Hamadani
----Tuhfat al-Ahbab (Anony)---Iraqi
----Majalisu’l Mu’minin by Qadi Nurullah - (1610)
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17. ----Wirdu’l Muridin by B.D.Khaki ----Dusturus Salikin----do---
( Dhikrul Wasilin Kash. Tr.)
----R.N. by B.D.Khaki
----R.N. by Baba Nasib
----Asraru’l Abrar by Dawud Mishkati
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18. ----R.Masturat by Haidar ----Waqi’at-I Kashmir by M.A.Didamari
----Khwariku’s Salikin by Mulla A. bin Sabur ( also known as Tarikh-I Haadi)
----R.Masturat by Haidar
----Waqi’at-I Kashmir by M.A.Didamari
----Futuhat-I kubrawiyyah by A.Wahab Nuri
----Futuhat-I Qadriyyah by M.Husain Qadri
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19. ----R.N by Bahau’d-Din Mattu
----Tarikh Hasan
----Tarikh-I Kabir by Muhi-ud Din Miskin
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20. 5.KASHMIRI LITERATURE AND FOLKLORE
----SONGS OF LALLA ‘ARIFA COLLECTED AND TR. BY Barnett and Grierson
-----Different compilations of the mystical verses of Shaykh Nur-ud-Din
----Lyrics of HABBA KHATUN BY J.L.Kaul
----Folk Lore and Traditions of Valley compiled by Lawrence, Knowles and Grierson
----Also by Prof. Farooq Fayaz.
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21. 6. EUROPEAN ACCOUNTS
----NO EUROPEAN VISITED DURING THE ENTIRE SULTANATE PERIOD
----BENEDICT DE GOES & JEROME XAVIER VISITED WITH EMPEROR AKBAR (1597)
----FRANCISCO PELSAERT
---- BERNIER (WITH EMPEROR AURANGZEB)
----DESIDERI & FRYRE
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22. THANX
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