1. Evolution: Adaptations
By Heather Rowan, edited by Diane Philip

2. I. Adaptation Definition (formal, scientific):
Any heritable behavioral, morphological, or physiological trait that maintains or increases the fitness of an organism under a given set of environmental conditions.
Adaptations are the product of natural selection acting on naturally-occurring genetic variation produced by mutations.

3. II. Types of Adaptations
Morphological: camouflage, counter shading, chromatophores, protective resemblance, mimicry, warning colors
Physiological: large litters, simultaneous fruiting and spawning, salt secretion in sea birds, hibernation
Behavioral: nesting, female choice, long- term mating, decoration

4. III. Examples Evolution of penicillin resistant bacteria
Evolution of pesticide resistant pests
The Peppered Moth
Vampire finches

5. IV. Camouflage and Mimicry
Camouflage: some organisms have adapted to their environment so that they blend into their surroundings
Warning colors help organisms avoid predation by advertizing their toxicity
Mimicry: some organisms deceive predators by appearing like another animal

6. Example of Camoflauge
Liu Bolin: Can you tell where he is?

7. IV. Camouflage and Mimicry
Batesian Mimicry: a non-toxic animal copies warning coloration of a poisonous one
Müllerian Mimicry: two poisonous species share similar warning colors to maximize the effectivenes

8. V. Embryology
Another way to determine relatedness is to see how similar structures develop in different species.