1. Vocab Basketball
World History Chapter 13

2. Humanism
Intellectual movement that studied the classical culture of Greece and Rome to increase their understanding of their own times.
Believed that education should stimulate an individuals creative powers.

3. Humanities
Emphasis in the studies of grammer, rhetoric (the study of using language effectively), poetry, and history.
This had been taught earlier in accient Greek and Roman schools.

4. radical
Extreme thinking, calling for change.

5. philosopher
A person who is an expert in the study of knowledge.

6. Vernacular
Writing in everyday language of ordinary people.

7. Predestination
The idea that God had long ago determined who would gain salvation.

8. theocracy
A system of government run by church leaders, such as Saudi Arabia today.

9. heliocentric
Idea proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus that suggested a sun-centered model of the universe.

10. Scientific method
A method of investigation in which a problem is first identified and observations, experiments, or other relevant data are then used to construct or test hypotheses in order to solve the original problem.

11. hypothesis
Possible explanation for the occurrence of some specified phenomena.

12. gravity
Theory Isaac Newton proved through mathematics to show a single force keeps the planets in their orbits around the sun.

13. calculus
A branch of mathematics developed by Newton used to explain the laws of motion and mechanics.

14. Protestant
An adherent of any of those Christian bodies that separated from the Church of Rome during the Reformation, or of any group descended from them.

15. The Reformation
The religious movement in the 16thcentury that had for its object the reform  of the Roman Catholic Church, and that led to the establishment of the Protestant churches.
Reform as in change.

16. indulgences
A declaration by church authorities that those who say certain prayers or do good deeds will have some or all of their punishment remitted.

17. monk
A male member of a religious community bound by vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.

18. ghetto
A section of a city, especially a thickly populated slum area, inhabited predominantly by members of an ethnic or other minority group, often as a result of social or economic restrictions, pressures, or hardships.