1. The Blue Print of Life

2. DNA the Molecule DNA is a very long polymer.
The basic shape is like a twisted ladder or spiral staircase.
This is called a double helix.

3. DNA the Molecule 2’ 3’ 4’ 5’ 1’

4. Genome
A genome is an organism's complete set of DNA, including all of its genes.
Each genome contains all of the information needed to build and maintain that organism.

5. Cell Replication - Duplicating DNA
Two cell types
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Prokaryotes are simple and much less complicated than Eukaryotes therefore they contain much less genetic information (DNA).

6. Prokaryote cell division Binary Fission
Prokaryotic cells have a circular DNA molecule attached to the inner cell membrane
They divide through a simple form of division called Binary Fission
E. coli dividing by binary fission

7. Prokaryotic cell division
3 step process
DNA strand splits and forms a duplicate of itself.
The two copies move to opposite sides of the cell
Cell membrane forms between two new and identical cells.

8. Eukaryotic Cells
50 µm
Figure 12.3
1,000 times more DNA then an average prokaryotic cell.
All eukaryotic cells store genetic information in chromosomes.
Most eukaryotes have between 10 and 50 chromosomes in their body cells.
Human cells have 46 chromosomes.
23 pairs

9. Chromosomes

10. Chromosomes
Organization is much more complex than the single, circular DNA molecule in a prokaryotic cell
Linear
organized into coils
wrapped around proteins called histones.
Condenses during cell division

11. Chromosome Jumping Jacks = Sister Chromatids
Center of the jumping jack is the CENTROmere

12. Chromatin Complexes of DNA and protein are called chromatin.
In humans, a copy of the entire genome—more than 3 billion DNA base pairs—is contained in all cells that have a nucleus.

13. Gene
A gene is an address – a location on the chromosome and in the DNA sequence where info for a specific trait is located.