1. The Industrial Revolution

2. A. Pre-Industrial Society
Few changes in lifestyle prior to I.R.
Factories placed near
streams (water wheel)

3. Life before the Industrial Revolution
People concerned with most basic of primary economic activities
Acquired necessities of survival from land
Society& culture overwhelmingly rural/agric.
Before 1700
manufacturing
was carried on
in two systems,
cottage & guild
industries
(depended on hand labor & human power)

4. Industrial Revolution, started in 18th c. & still taking place today
Series of inventions  use of machines & inanimate power in manufacturing
Suddenly whole societies could engage in seemingly limitless multiplication of goods & services
Rapid bursts of human inventiveness
Gigantic population increases

5. B. Beginning of Industrial Revolution
Great Britain in late 1700s
Why Great Britain?
Flow of capital
2nd agricultural revolution
Mercantilism & cottage industries
Resources: coal, iron ore, water power

6. Flow of Capital into Europe, 1775
Needed flow of capital in order to fuel the industrial revolution

7. Textiles Production:
Liverpool and Manchester
Iron Production:
Birmingham
Coal Mining:
Newcastle

8. Ironbridge, England
World’s first bridge made entirely of cast iron, late 1700s.

9. C. Watt Steam Engine Jump-starts I.R. England, 1711
Use of coal & steam to create electricity
Place factory near coal fields
England thrives bc of coal reserves
Sparks major/lasting changes to life

10. D. Enclosure Movement Coincides w/ 2nd Agric. Rev.
Peasants evicted from farms  new labor force in factory towns

12. E. New Forms of Transportation
Steam Engine Railroad
Steamship

13. F. Diffusion of I.R. Early 1800s diffusion to Europe
Location criteria:
proximity to coal fields (areas near these thrive, like in Ruhr Valley)
connection via water to port
flow of capital
Late 1800’s diffusion to some regions w/out coal
access to railroad

14. Diffusion of Industrial Revolution

15. The Paris Basin is the Industrial base of France
The Paris Basin is the Industrial base of France. Rouen (pictured here) is at the head navigation point on the Seine River

16. G. Social Issues Industrialization led to: Child Labor
Poor Working Conditions
Environmental Issues

17. H. Industrialization Fuels Imperialism
Demand for raw materials increases
Military industrialization aids Europeans