1. Civilizations
World History Mr Pack

2. Civilizations
Civilization- a complex culture in which a large number of people share common elements
Characteristics of civilization include 1) cities 2) government 3) religion 4) social structure 5) writing and 6) art
Governments formed to organize human activity, and defense. First civilizations were ruled by monarchs.
Religion developed to explain existence and forces of nature

3. Civilizations Priests supervise rituals to please gods.
Social hierarchy- rulers, priests warriors at top,
middle class farmers and artisans and craftsmen
Slaves at the bottom
Ziggurat- massive tower and temple built by Sumerians and dedicated to the god or goddess of the city

4. Ziggurat of Dur-Kurigalzu

5. Ur Ziggurat

6. Civilizations Theocracy- government by divine authority
Sumerians create cuneiform- the world’s oldest system of writing, around 3000 BCE
Polytheism- belief in many Gods
Dynasty- right to rule is passes on within family
Hieroglyphics- Egyptian writing system

7. Cuneiform

8. Hieroglphics

9. Civilizations
Phoenicians- Sea traders who are credited as first in human history to create an alphabet.
Zoroaster- founded Persian religion ( Zoroastrianism), humans have choice in the struggle between good and evil (truth and order vs falsehood) Ahura Mazda is supreme deity.
Mandate of Heaven- Invented during Chinese Zhou Dynasty, authority to rule from Heaven

10. Phoenician ship

11. Phoenician alphabet

12. Zoroastrianism

13. Farvahar (guardian angel)

14. Mandate of Heaven