1. The Biosphere - ecosystems, ecological succession
- land and water biomes
-energy nutrients cycle through the biosphere

2. Earth: A Living Planet
Ecology-the study of the interactions of organisms with one another and with their physical surroundings

3. Biosphere the part of the Earth in which life exists
includes all areas of land, air, and water on the planet and life
8 km above Earth’s surface to 8 km below ocean surface

4. Ecosystems biosphere large, complex, difficult to study
Ecosystem-given area’s physical features and living organisms
abiotic and biotic factors
ecosystems are connected by both living and nonliving features

5. Community
organisms living together in an ecosystem

6. Ecological Succession
ecosystems change over time
every organism affects environmental conditions around it
ecological succession-an existing community of organisms is replaced by a different community over periods of time

7. Ecological Succession
pioneer species-species that colonize in a place where no living community existed before

8. Ecological Succession
Each species that moves in changes the environment in its own way
Succession often leads to a fairly stable collection of organisms-climax community

9. Land Biomes
biome- an environment that has a characteristic climax community
land and aquatic

10. Tundra Northern North America, Asia, Europe Northern most land biome
nearly treeless
covered by mosses, lichen, grasses
few stunted trees

11. Tundra animals migrate here during summer
Caribou, reindeer, wolves, foxes, mosquitoes, birds

12. Tundra Permafrost permanently frozen subsoil thawing and freezing
keeps plants small and stunted

13. Taiga North America and Asia, part of Norway and Sweeden
Mountain ranges

14. Taiga
Giant Red Woods

15. Taiga winters are cold summers are mild
allow animals and plants to reproduce
black bears, grizzlies, wolves, moose, elk, voles, wolverines, grouse