1. Epigenetics
Heritable alteration of gene expression without a change in nucleotide sequence.

3. What is the epigenome

4. Chromatin Structure

6. Epigenetic tags DNA Methylation
DNA methylation, the addition of a methyl- group to one of the bases in the deoxyribonucleic acid chain, does not change the primary DNA sequence and it is therefore considered to be an epigenetic modification.
DNA methylation is generally repressive to transcription, therefore constituting an important mechanism for gene silencing in embryonic development and inactivation of defined tumor suppressor genes in human cancers.

7. In mammals, DNA methylation occurs mainly on the fifth carbon of the cytosine base, forming what is known as 5-methylcytosine or 5-methylcytidine (5-mC). 5-mC is a potent epigenetic marker and regulator of gene expression.
Methylated cytosine has been associated with gene inactivation.
DNA methylation is catalysed by a family of enzymes called DNA methyltransferase

10. Histone Modification
Histones can be chemically modified by the following:
Acetylation
HAT = histone acetyltransferase.

11. Methylation
This does not alter the charge of the modified amino acids. Arginine and lysine can be methylated.
Phosphorylation.
Essential for the chromatin to condense during cell division.
These are all called post translational modifications as the modification is to a protein.

13. X Chromosome Inactivation – lyonization

15. Haemophilia?
DMD?

16. Twins