1. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
A eukaryotic cell is like a factory.
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
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2. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Like any factory, a cell’s job is to produce and then “ship out” a product. The cell’s main product is protein.
All of a cell’s organelles play a part in this process.
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
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3. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
FACTORY PART
CELL PART

4. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
What do all factories have?
I know we’re supposed to talk about cells today. But first, I want to talk about factories. Has anyone here ever been inside a factory? Activate schemas. What do all factories have in common?
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5. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
1. Separate work areas.
All factories have interior walls that create separate work areas.

6. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
2. A main office.
All factories have a main office. The main office decides what products are made, and issues directions for making them.

7. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
3. Machines.
All factories have machines that are used to make products.

8. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
4. An assembly line (finishing).
Products that come out of machines are not yet ready to be exported. For instance, these toy cars do not yet have wheels on them. Therefore, all factories have assembly lines where products are modified (changed) as they pass down the line.

9. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
5. A shipping and packaging department.
Once a product is modified, it is ready to be exported. The shipping and packaging department wraps up the products and prepares them to be sent out.

10. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
6. A storage area.
Products that are not shipped right away are stored for later use in a storage area.

11. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
7. A custodial staff.
A custodial staff keeps everything in the factory clean and in good working order.
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12. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
8. A power source.
And let’s not forget - factories need power in order to keep everything running.

13. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
9. Beams and columns.
And let’s not forget - factories need power in order to keep everything running.

14. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
10. Security.
And let’s not forget - factories need power in order to keep everything running.

15. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
FACTORY PART
CELL PART
1. Separate work areas.
2. A main office.
3. Machines.
4. Assembly line (finishing).
5. Shipping/packaging.
6. Storage area.
7. Custodial staff.
8. Power source.
9. Beams and columns.
10. Security.

16. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
1. Membrane-bound organelles.
Like factories, cells have areas where different jobs are done.
So, how is a cell like a factory? Both a cell and a factory have separate work areas.
Golgi Apparatus
nucleus

17. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
FACTORY PART
CELL PART
1. Separate work areas.
1. Membrane-bound organelles.
2. A main office.
2. A main office.
3. Machines.
3. Machines.
4. Assembly line (finishing).
4. Assembly line (finishing).
5. Shipping/packaging.
5. Shipping/packaging.
6. Storage area.
6. Storage area.
7. Custodial staff.
7. Custodial staff.
8. Power source.
8. Power source.
9. Beams and columns.
9. Beams and columns.
10. Security.
10. Security.

18. s
As we learn about each membrane-bound organelle, we will label them in these diagrams:
Animal
Plant

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Nucleus
2. The Nucleus
Essentially, the “main office” of the cell.
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20. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
FACTORY PART
CELL PART
1. Separate work areas.
1. Membrane-bound organelles.
2. A main office.
2. The nucleus.
3. Machines.
3. Machines.
4. Assembly line (finishing).
4. Assembly line (finishing).
5. Shipping/packaging.
5. Shipping/packaging.
6. Storage area.
6. Storage area.
7. Custodial staff.
7. Custodial staff.
8. Power source.
8. Power source.
9. Beams and columns.
9. Beams and columns.
10. Security.
10. Security.

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Nucleus
nucleus
Be sure to label it on your diagram
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22. Nucleus
Nucleus
Be sure to label it on your diagram

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Nucleus
What is the function of the nucleus?
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24. Nucleus
“Boss” of the cell; organelle that tells the cell which proteins to make, and how to make them.

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The nuclear membrane is dotted with pores (holes), which allow instructions to leave the nucleus.
Nucleus
Pores = holes. Instructions for making proteins leave and enter the nucleus through these pores. Be sure to label the nuclear envelop on your diagram.
Nuclear membrane
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26. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
3. Ribosomes.
The “machines” of the cell.

27. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
FACTORY PART
CELL PART
1. Separate work areas.
1. Membrane-bound organelles.
2. A main office.
2. The nucleus.
3. Machines.
3. Ribosomes.
4. Assembly line (finishing).
4. Assembly line (finishing).
5. Shipping/packaging.
5. Shipping/packaging.
6. Storage area.
6. Storage area.
7. Custodial staff.
7. Custodial staff.
8. Power source.
8. Power source.
9. Beams and columns.
9. Beams and columns.
10. Security.
10. Security.

28. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Ribosome (free)
Ribosome (attached)
Ribosomes are the small dots in the diagram. They are either free or attached.

29. Nucleus Ribosome (free) Ribosome (attached)
Be sure you are labeling both the plant and animal sides of your diagram!

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Ribosomes
What is the function of ribosomes?
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31. Ribosomes Make protein following instructions sent by the nucleus.
Polymerize AA’s

32. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
sSend
How Organelles Work Together
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Sends instructions
Polymerization
Nucleus
Ribosome
Protein

33. Proteins leaving the ribosome are not finished; they need to be folded into the correct shape.
Ribosomes
Protein folding
Ribosomes produce proteins, the cell’s main product.
Unfinished protein
Finished protein

34. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
sSend
How Organelles Work Together
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Sends instructions
Polymerization
Nucleus
Ribosome
Unfinished
Protein

35. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
4. The Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
The “assembly line” of the cell, where products are finished.

36. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
FACTORY PART
CELL PART
1. Separate work areas.
1. Membrane-bound organelles.
2. A main office.
2. The nucleus.
3. Machines.
3. Ribosomes.
4. Assembly line (finishing).
4. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
5. Shipping/packaging.
5. Shipping/packaging.
6. Storage area.
6. Storage area.
7. Custodial staff.
7. Custodial staff.
8. Power source.
8. Power source.
9. Beams and columns.
9. Beams and columns.
10. Security.
10. Security.

37. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Smooth ER
Attached ribosomes
Rough ER
The ER may be either rough or smooth.

38. Nucleus
Smooth ER
Rough ER

39. Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is the function of the rough (ER)?
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40. Rough ER
Receives unfinished protein from the ribosomes and folds it into the correct shape.
Protein folding
Unfinished protein
Finished protein

41. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
sSend
How Organelles Work Together
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Sends instructions
Polymerization
Nucleus
Ribosome
Unfinished
Protein
Enters
Folding
protein
Unfinished
Rough ER
Finished
Protein

42. Finished products must be packaged so that they can be shipped out.
Ribosomes
Ribosomes produce proteins, the cell’s main product.

43. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
5. The Golgi Apparatus
The “shipping and packaging department” of a cell.
Once a protein has been modified by the ER, it is ready to be packaged and shipped out of the cell. It’s next stop is the Golgi Apparatus.

44. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
FACTORY PART
CELL PART
1. Separate work areas.
1. Membrane-bound organelles.
2. A main office.
2. The nucleus.
3. Machines.
3. Ribosomes.
4. Assembly line (finishing).
4. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
5. Shipping/packaging.
5. Shipping/packaging.
5. Golgi apparatus
6. Storage area.
6. Storage area.
7. Custodial staff.
7. Custodial staff.
8. Power source.
8. Power source.
9. Beams and columns.
9. Beams and columns.
10. Security.
10. Security.

45. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Golgi apparatus

46. Nucleus
Golgi apparatus
Be sure to label it on your diagram

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Golgi Apparatus
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
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48. Golgi Apparatus
Receives finished proteins from the rough ER and packages them so that they can be shipped out of the cell.

49. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Each protein is packaged inside a vesicle, which pinches off from the Golgi apparatus.
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Vesicle

50. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Vesicles fuse with the cell membrane, pushing the protein out of the cell.
Eukaryotic Cell Structures

51. Eukaryotic Cell Structures
How Organelles Work Together
sSend
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Sends instructions
Polymerization
Nucleus
Ribosome
Unfinished
Protein
Enters
Folding
protein
Unfinished
Rough ER
Finished
Protein
Enters
Packaging
protein
Finished
Packaged protein
Golgi apparatus