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Published byEdgar Hubert Harper Modified over 6 years ago
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Tranquility Base
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Requirements for Life Solar energy Jupiter – friend or foe
340 Watts/m2 at ~94x106 miles Jupiter – friend or foe Geothermal energy Radioactivity : Plate tectonic Moon tides Axial tilt: ~21-23o Uneven heating : season Land masses Mountain building: monsoon Ocean(s) winds and density : heat transport Atmosphere Greenhouse effect Earth Spin deflects Gravity Provide directional cue Retention of gases Organic and inorganic materials Water Etc
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Winds drive ocean circulations
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Oceans or Ocean
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It’s all just one ocean
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Our ocean: connected at Depths
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Extinctions
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“We now know more about the backside of the moon than about the depths of our oceans.”
~71% of the earth’s surface are oceans Maximum depth: ~ 11,022 m (Mt Everest 8,848 m) Average depth: ~ 4000 m : Mt Whintey Total volume: 1370 x 106 km3 Offers 300x space for life than land and freshwater Life or all known phyla originated here 2% of our food is from the oceans Accounts for 20% protein
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Crust: the other players
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Formation
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3 major of rocks
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Ocean crust ages ~200 my young
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Define Marine Environments by:
LIGHT Photic and aphotic Phytoplankton photosynthesizes; thrive in photic zone Zooplankton and bacteria inhabit both zones LOCATION Water and sea floor divided into benthic & pelagic zones By water depth: into coastal, neritic, oceanic Each with distinct physical and chemical characteristics Each supports different organisms
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Inhabitants of Zones Plankton (Pelagial) Nekton (Pelagial)
Floaters and drifters that have to move with water currents Microscopic size to several meters in length (jellyfish) Plants and photosynthetic cyanobacteria = phytoplankton Animals = zooplankton Bacteria = bacterioplankton Differentiate to size: pico-, nano-, micro-, meso-, macro-, megaplankton. Size does NOT separate plankton from nekton Nekton (Pelagial) Free swimmers, can move against water currents Animals (large crustaceans, fish, mammals) Benthos (Benthal) Attached to, on, or in the sea floor range from microscopic size to several meters in length (kelps)
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Framework: size vs lifespan
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By location
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75% in blue box: remarkably uniform
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Summary
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Regions 90N to 70N 70N to 50N 50N to 30N 30N to 10N 10N to 10S
10S to 30S 30S to 50s 50S to 70N
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Arctic 79 vs 03
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Great Auk Stellar’s sea cow
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