1. Welcome back!
We have a lot of work to do every day. Remember your materials and have them out at the beginning of class. Don’t wait for me to remind you!

4. All of these animals don’t look alike, but you recognize them as dogs
All of these animals don’t look alike, but you recognize them as dogs. What do they have in common?

5. Genetics
SPI determine the probability of a particular trait in an offspring based on the genotype of the parents and the particular mode of inheritance.

6. Genetics is...
The study of the passing on of traits from parent to offspring

8. Chromosomes In the nucleus In pairs Carry genes
Controls all traits of an organism
controls the production of proteins

10. Chromosomes are made of DNA
DNA is made of genes
DNA / genes codes for proteins
Proteins give you your traits!

11. genes - are the units of heredity
Represented with letters
You have 2 genes for each trait (1 from mom & 1 from dad)
Also Called ALLELES

12. Mendel’s Experiments Mendel is the father of modern genetics.

13. Experiment 1 Experiment 2 Experiment 3 Experiment 4
Short + Short = Short
Called this “True breeding”
Also called “purebred”
Experiment 2
Tall + Tall = Short & Tall
Called “not true breeding
Also called hybrid
Experiment 3
Purebred TALL + purebred short = all hybrid TALL
Discovered some genes dominant, others recessive
Experiment 4
Crossed two hybrid TALL and got
3 TALL & 1 short
When 2 hybrids are crossed, the result is a Dominant to recessive ratio of 3:1

15. Dominant vs. Recessive Expressed trait capital letter Hidden trait
lower case letter

16. Cheat Sheet Dominant + Dominant = Dominant
Dominant + Recessive = Dominant
Recessive + Recessive = Recessive

17. Class activity Example
Dominant vs. Recessive
Class activity Example

18. New
Vocab

19. Genotype
What you look like on the inside
Your letters
Examples: BB, Bb, or bb

20. What you look like on the outside
Phenotype
What you look like on the outside
Ex. Tall or short

21. Homozygous
Heterozygous

22. Homozygous
The same
2 upper case OR 2 lower case
Ex. TT or tt
Purebred
Dominant or recessive
Heterozygous
Different Letters
1 upper case & 1 lower case
Ex. Tt or Bb
Hybrid
Shows the dominant trait

23. Genetics with a smile
activity

24. Dragon Genetics Activity

25. Probability
Chances of something happening
written as a percentage or fraction or a ratio
ex. The chances of you being a girl or boy is 50% or 1/2

26. Punnett Squares
A chart used to show the possible gene combinations of offspring for two parents.

27. Steps for making a Punnett Square
1- choose a letter to represent the gene in the cross (the first letter of the dominant trait)

28. 2 - Write the genotypes of the parents outside, on top & on the side of the Punnett square (1 letter for each box)
3- Fill in the squares by writing the gene combinations in the boxes

29. 4- Determine the phenotypes of the offspring and calculate probability
Each box of 4 represents 25% chance

30. 1 allele from Parent 2 1 allele from Parent 2 1 allele from Parent 1
Genotype Of
Offspring
2 letters
(25% chance)
1 allele from Parent 2
1 allele from Parent 2