1. Installing and Troubleshooting Hardware
Tutorial 12

2. Hardware Devices
Hardware manufacturers now design their devices using a set of standards called Plug and Play (PnP)
OS can automatically detect a hardware device, install device drivers for that device, and configure the device during booting
Legacy devices (not support PnP) require manual installation

3. Legacy devices may be auto detected
But may be configured as a generic device
Configuration might work, but you may not have access to all of the features of the particular model
By manually configuring the device—specifying manufacturer, model, and make, Win XP installs the proper device drivers

4. Manually Configure Non-PnP
Read documentation
if available, may be difficulty to understand (less user friendly in the past)
Set switches and jumpers
instructions will indicate if you need to set a DIP (Dual In-Line Package) switch or jumper on an adapter or add-in card
Install software and device drivers
May need to contract manufacturer if not available on disk or CD or download from the Microsoft Windows Update Web site

5. Assign resources using Device Manager
Use the XP tool Device Manager to assign or change resources (IRQ or I/O address) assigned to the hardware by XP to properly configure it
Troubleshoot hardware configuration problems and conflicts
Use Device Manager or the Help Troubleshooters to address a problem with a legacy device

6. Boot Process
XP checks for any new hardware each time you boot your system. If a new device is detected, it auto installs and loads the device drivers for that component and configures the device to work properly.
If XP has not device driver for that PnP component, it prompts you to insert a disk containing the software with the driver.

7. Features of a PnP System
ACPI BIOS
BIOS performs power-on self test and locates and loads the OS from disk
BIOS enables devices to boot your computer and handles I/O (Input/Output)
A legacy BIOS enables devices but DOES NOT identify and initially configure them

8. A PnP BIOS and ACPI BIOS A ACPI BIOS
identify and activate hardware devices
determine their resource requirements
create a nonconflicting hardware configuration
Load device drivers
Pass configuration information to the OS
Notify the OS of any configuration changes
A ACPI BIOS
Also determines the power management capabilities of hardware devices
The Win XP OS, not the BIOS, is now responsible for configuring the system and managing power

9. PnP Hardware Devices and Device Drivers
Win XP supports PnP using the Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI)
Part of the OnNow initiative for managing power in your computer
OnNow—a PC is always on but appears off and responds immediately to user or other requests
PnP Hardware Devices and Device Drivers
For a device to be auto detected and configures with appropriate device drivers, it must be a PnP device
Check product labeling
May have to manually adjust a jumper to XP will treat it as PnP
A PnP device driver must be available
Always purchase PnP compatible devices

10. PnP Operating System
XP Professional and Home Edition are PnP operating systems
XP stores configuration info on PnP devices in it Registry
When installing a PnP device, it checks resources used by other PnP devices in the Registry and configures the new device without introducing conflicts between hardware devices
Win XP also uses Universal PnP (UPnP) for auto detection and configuration of devices in a networking environment
Consumer electronics equipment
Internet gateways

11. Other Hardware Support in XP
Human Interface Devices (HID)
Broad category of devices supported for interacting with the computer, including typical devices such as keyboard, mouse, joystick, wireless pointing devices for presentations to new devices such as those controlling home entertainment systems, smart appliances, and virtual reality simulations (head-mounted devices)

12. Universal Serial Bus (USB)
External, bidirectional, PnP bus for connecting 127 high-speed serial devices via just one port on your computer
In past each type of device required a separate port, an installed adapter for each device and resources assigned to each device.
With USB and IEEE 1394 you no longer deal with DIP switches, jumpers, and limited resources (IRQ settings, DMA channels, I/O addresses)
USB supports PnP, power management, and hot swapping (hot plugging)—can connect or disconnect a USB device while the computer is running (check documentation)

13. Purchase USB devices for
Next generation of computers will have one or more USB ports, including keyboards, mice, monitors, joysticks, speakers, CD and DVD drives, modems, printers, hard disk drives, scanners, digital cameras, tape drives, audio players, telephones, telephone networks (PBXs), and ISDN adapters
Purchase USB devices for
Easy installation
Auto configuration
Speed
Support for greater number of devices

14. IEEE 1394 (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
High speed, PnP bus with data transfer rates of 100, 200, 400 Mbps
Supports the connection of up to 63 devices via one bus
Can link 1,023 buses to create a network of approximately 64,000 IEEE 1394 devices; each device supporting up to 256 TB of memory

15. Supports high bandwidth devices
Digital imaging
Video teleconferences
Connect consumer electronics—VCRs to computers
Digital VCRs, camcorders, and satellite receivers now available with IEEE 1394 ports
Supports PnP, power management, and hot swapping
USB and IEEE 1394 are expected to eventually replace use of parallel and serial ports

16. Examining Hardware Using Device Manager (pg. 12.07)
Source of info about hardware components on a computer and shows configuration settings that Win XP uses for PnP and legacy devices
Used to
Document hardware settings
Verify installation of a hardware device
Check for hardware conflicts
Troubleshoot problems
Change the configuration of a hardware device
Update device drivers for a hardware device

17. Do not change configuration settings before first having a printed record of the current settings and knowing how a change will affect the computer operations
Changing one setting could cause a hardware conflict with another device
A hardware conflict, device conflict, or resource conflict occurs when two hardware devices attempt to share the same resource
Open Device Manger by viewing properties of My Computer, by using System tool in the Control Panel, or via a Help Troubleshooter

18. Complete Tutorial pp

19. Resource Assignments Interrupt Request (IRQ) Resources
An interrupt is a signal transmitted by hardware or software to the processor or OS for some type of service
To perform a function, handle an error condition, or move data
When you press a key on the keyboard, you generate a hardware interrupt; the OS interprets the scan code generated by the keystroke
Saving a document generates a software interrupt for recording file on disk

20. An interrupt request from a hardware device is transmitted to the processor via an IRQ line
Today’s computers have 24 IRQ lines (0-23)
Some lines are dedicated to specific functions or devices (keyboard = IRQ 1)
Each device that requires an IRQ line is assigned its own line; two devices can share a line if they will not be used at the same time
They invariably become a limited resource—thus the need for USB/IEEE 1394 ports and devices

21. Input/Output (I/O) Resources
Each hardware device that handles I/O, such as ports and disk drives, must have a unique address in memory—an I/O address
The address uniquely identifies a hardware device and serves as a channel for communicating with the device

22. Direct Memory Access (DMA) Resources
A channel for transferring data between two devices without the intervention of the processor
Via a DMA channel, your computer can transfer data from a hard disk drive into RAM without the processor
If the processor handles the transfer, the overall process is much slower than a direct transfer to memory
DMA channels important for transfer of video, audio, and graphics data
Computers have 4 or 8 DMA channels (0-7)

23. Memory Resources
Specific regions of memory allocated to a hardware device
For example, one or more regions of memory might be designated for the video display adapter that generates the image you see on the monitor
Identified as a range of memory addresses assigned to a device

24. Complete Tutorial pp

25. Troubleshooting a Disabled Device
See example pg relating to how XP indicates that a device has been disabled for some reason
You can use the Troubleshooting Wizard to resolve problem; pp illustrate how to troubleshoot a resource conflict
You may have to manually change resource allocations to eliminate conflicts

26. System Information Utility
Provides additional information about system components and configurations
Complete pp

27. XP’s Networking Capability
Last section of chapter discusses XP’s networking capabilities
How to network up to 10 computers on a peer-to-peer network
We will not cover this section