1. JUSTICE MODEL OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT

2. Stage 1: Punishment and Obedience
Right and wrong perceived in terms of physical consequences of an action
Actions that lead to pleasant consequences are good
Actions that lead to unpleasant consequences are bad
Obedience to authority to avoids punishment

3. Stage 2: Instrument and Relativity
Right action is the one that meets own needs and desires
Manipulate feelings and needs of others
Right actions are the tools used to meet personal needs
What is considered right changes according to different situations

4. Stage 3: Interpersonal Concordance
Morally right actions are those that gain social approval
Morally wrong actions are those that bring social rejection
Strong influence from peer group
Peer group decides which actions lead to social approval and which lead to disapproval

5. Stage 4: Law and Order
Feel moral duty to maintain order and stability of community
Actions that promote harmony and smooth functioning of a society are seen as right
Actions that interfere with this social order are seen as wrong
Strong sense of citizenship, duty, responsibility, and obedience to the laws of the land

6. Stage 5: The Social Contract
Government is seen as legal authority, not moral one
Morality is viewed in terms of important social values
The role of the government is to do the will of the people
The role of the people is to question, challenge, and change government if necessary

7. Stage 6: Universal Ethical Principles
Morality based on individual, self-chosen, ethical principles
Feel need to rise above the values and beliefs of society
Sacrifice own needs and interests to pull society up to a higher moral plane

8. Kohlberg’s Moral Stages

9. CARING MODEL OF MORAL DEVELOPMENT

10. Step 1: Self-Centeredness
Morally right actions are those that meet own needs and interests
This attitude is expressed in acts of selfishness, a lack of concern for others, and actions that exploit or manipulate others for personal gain

11. Step 2: Others-Centeredness
Feel obligated to ignore own needs and interests to meet the needs and interests of others
Attitude is often referred to as the Martyr Syndrome
Mistaken belief that seeing yourself as a good person requires having to sacrifice yourself or your needs for others

12. Step 3: Balancing Needs
Morally mature people understand that living a complete life means finding ways to meet both their own needs and interests and those of other people who are close to them
Do not feel guilty for meeting own needs
Ethics is caring for me and them

13. Gilligan’s Stages of Moral Development

14. Journal Write
In the Justice Model of moral development, which stage do you see yourself at right now? Explain why you think so. Provide an example.
In the Caring Model of moral development, which step do you see yourself at now? Explain why you think so. Provide an example.
Which of the two models of moral development seems to fit your own life experiences more closely? In other words, which model do you identify with more? Why? Examples are helpful!