1. Plants

2. What Is a Vascular Plant?
Have a vascular tissue = Xylem and Phloem
Produce Seeds

3. Types of Vascular Tissue
Has specialized organs
Xylem = WATER flows UPWARD from the root
Pholem = NUTRIENTS/FOOD (such as sugar) flows DOWNWARD from the leaves
Stems = support and store essential molecules
Roots = absorbs water and anchors the plant
Leaves = do photosynthesis and exchange gases into and out of plant
Guard Cells = surround the stomata (opening in the cell), which regulates the gases and water vapor that enters and exits the cell.

4. Guard Cell

5. Types of Vascular Plants

6. Types of Vascular Plants
What makes Vascular Plants different?
The WAY THE PLATNS reproduce makes the difference!!!

7. Seedless Vascular Plants
Examples: Ferns, horsetails, many water plants
MUST live in water, because they have swimming sperm that fertilize eggs

8. REMEMBER: “GYM likes CONES”
Gymnosperms
Reproduce with seeds that are exposed “Naked Seeds” (such as cones)
Have CONES (pine cones)
Makes male and female cones
Usually keeps leaves all year long
Examples: Evergreen trees, pine trees, gingko trees
REMEMBER: “GYM likes CONES”

9. REMEMBER: “Angi likes Flowers”
Angiosperms
Reproduce with seeds that are covered “Enclosed Seeds”
These plants have fruits that protect the seed and allow it to be dispersed
Have FLOWERS!!
Male reproductive part: Stamen
Female reproductive part: Pistil
Ovary protects the seed as they develop, and then ripens as a FRUIT!
Angiosperms and their pollinators (bees, butterflies, etc) have co-evolved!
REMEMBER: “Angi likes Flowers”

10. Parts of a flower

11. STERN GRR of VASCULAR Plants
Synthesis:
Can do photosynthesis (makes glucose = food)
Can do protein synthesis and build organic molecules
Transport:
Uses diffusion and osmosis to regulate levels of water, gases, and molecules
Uses XYLEM and PHLOEM to move materials throughout the plant

12. Excretion: Respiration: Nutrition:
Gets rid of waste through diffusion and osmosis
Uses transpiration to get rid of excess water (through the leaves)
Respiration:
Takes in CO2 and O2 through diffusion
Uses CO2 for photosynthesis and O2 for respiration
Nutrition:
Are autotrophic = makes their own food

13. Growth: Reproduction: Regulation:
Starts off life as a seed, and grows into an adult plant using mitosis
Reproduction:
Reproduce sexually and asexually. Most use pollen and eggs to produce seeds. Others use vegetative propagation to make asexual copies of themselves
Vegetative propagation = cloning
Regulation:
Communicate using HORMONES, specifically AUXIN, the growth hormone

14. NON – Vascular Plants

15. What Is a Non-Vascular Plant?
Plants that do not have a vascular system (NO XYLEM & PHLOEM,) leaves, roots, or stems.
They do NOT produce SEEDS!
Examples: Mosses, liverworts, and hornworts

16. Life Processes of Non-Vascular Plants…
Synthesis:
Can do photosynthesis (makes glucose)
Also does protein synthesis and builds organic molecules
Transport:
Uses diffusion and osmosis to regulate levels of water, gases, and molecules
Excretion:
Gets rid of waste using diffusion and osmosis

17. Respiration: Nutrition: Growth:
Takes in CO2 and O2 through diffusion (Uses CO2 for photosynthesis and O2 for respiration)
Nutrition:
Autotrophic = make their own food
Growth:
Starts off as SPORES and grows into an adult plant using mitosis

18. Reproduction: Regulation:
Reproduce sexually and asexually. The life cycles alter between haploid and diploid, and they uses swimming sperm to reproduce
Regulation:
Communication using hormones, specifically auxin, the growth hormone