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Chapter 3 Section 3 Eukaryotic Cell Organelles Objectives Describe the role of the nucleus in cell activities. Analyze the role of internal membranes in protein production. Summarize the importance of mitochondria in eukaryotic cells. Identify three structure in plant cells that are absent from animal cells.
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New Vocabulary Endoplasmic reticulum Vesicle Golgi apparatus Lysosome
Mitochondrion Chloroplast Central vacuole
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They do not have organelles
In this section, we are studying eukaryotic cell organelles… Why are we no longer studying prokaryotes? They do not have organelles
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The __________________
Chapter 3 Section 3 Cell Organelles The __________________ Nucleus Controls ____________ most functions of a eukaryotic cell Located in the _______________ of animals cells and towards the __________ of plant cells center side Animal cell
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double envelope nucleolus ribosomes protein RNA and proteins
The nucleus is surrounded by a ___________ membrane called the nuclear _______________. There is a dense region in the center of the nucleus called a _______________ It makes ____________, which are the site of ____________ synthesis double envelope nucleolus ribosomes Ribosomes don’t have a membrane, they are made of compact strands of _________ protein RNA and proteins
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The nuclear envelope also contains small openings called _________
These pores allow substances made inside the nucleus, like ribosomes, to _________ and go to the rest of the cell pores leave
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chromatin chromosomes not DNA is also found inside the nucleus
When the cell is ____ dividing, the DNA is found in long thin strands called ____________ not chromatin When the cell is dividing, the chromatin bundles up into rod-shaped objects called ______________ chromosomes
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____________________________ (ER)
Endoplasmic Reticulum After ribosomes leave the nucleus, they may travel to the endoplasmic reticulum It is an extensive system of internal membranes that are kind of like ____________________ a hallway
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reactions transports surface area Chapter 3
Section 3 Cell Organelles reactions The ER carries out chemical ______________ and ____________ proteins through the cell The many hallways of the ER provides more _________ ___________ for chemical reactions to occur transports surface area
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rough process transport vesicle / vacuole Chapter 3 vesicle
Section 3 Cell Organelles The portion of the ER with attached ribosomes is called the ____________ ER The rough ER helps to ___________ and ____________ proteins that are made by the attached ribosomes. When the protein is completed, the portion of the ER containing the protein pinches to form a ____________________ rough process transport vesicle / vacuole vesicle
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sac A vesicle is a small membrane bound ______ that transports substances throughout the cell These proteins made in the rough ER will eventually ___________ the cell leave
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smooth lipids toxic Chapter 3
Section 3 Cell Organelles The portion of the ER without attached ribosomes is called the ____________ ER It makes ______________ and breaks down __________ substances smooth lipids toxic
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Free floating inside organelles ________ Ribosomes
Ribosomes are also found ___________ in the cytosol so they are called “free” Free ribosomes make proteins that will stay ______________ the cell, such as those used to make new _______________ inside organelles
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______________________________
Chapter 3 Section 3 Cell Organelles ______________________________ Golgi Apparatus Before a protein can do its specific job, it must be ______________ and ___________ correctly Vesicles carry proteins to the golgi apparatus, which is kind of like the ______ plant and animal of the cell packaged transported UPS
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Chapter 3 Section 3 Cell Organelles flattened The Golgi apparatus is a set of _____________, membrane-bound sacs that serve as the packaging and distribution center of the cell.
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______________________
Chapter 3 Section 3 Cell Organelles ______________________ Lysosome animal vesicles Special _______________ found only in __________ cells that leave the golgi apparatus They contain digestive _____________ enzymes
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organelles food viruses bacteria expel Chapter 3
Section 3 Cell Organelles These enzymes break down…. Worn out _______________ _________ particles ___________ and _______________ When these substances are fully digested, vesicles ___________ them from the cell organelles food viruses bacteria expel
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Centrioles animal pairs __________________ centrioles
Another cell part found only in ___________ cells Occur in ________ animal pairs
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division Help with cell ___________
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______________________
Chapter 3 Section 3 Cell Organelles Mitochondria ______________________ ATP Organelles that make energy in the form of _______ from organic compounds that you eat, like _______________________ carbohydrates
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Chapter 3 Section 3 Cell Organelles 2 Similar to the nucleus, mitochondria have _____ membranes The outer membrane is ____________ The inner membrane is ____________, allowing more surface area for chemical reactions to occur smooth folded
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DNA reproduce prokaryotic descendents endosymbiont absorbed Chapter 3
Section 3 Cell Organelles DNA Mitochondria have their own _____ so the can ________________ on their own, independently of the cell. Their DNA is similar to the DNA of _____________ cells. Because of this, mitochondria are thought to be __________________ of primitive prokaryotes One theory, called the __________________ theory, hypothesizes that mitochondria were ________________ into larger cells, eventually forming a eukaryote reproduce prokaryotic descendents endosymbiont absorbed
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Structures of Plant Cells
Chapter 3 Section 3 Cell Organelles Structures of Plant Cells Plants have three unique structures that are not found in animal cells: __________ ____________ _____________ Cell Wall Chloroplasts Central Vacuole
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cellulose support maintain protects Connects Chapter 3 Cell Wall
Section 3 Cell Organelles Cell Wall cellulose Made of ______________ Functions helps _________ and __________ the shape of the cell ____________ the cell from damage ___________ plant cells with adjacent plant cells support maintain protects Connects
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light CO2 water glucose 2 grana chlorophyll Chapter 3 Chloroplasts
Section 3 Cell Organelles Chloroplasts light CO2 Organelles that use _________ energy, ______, and _______ to make food called ____________ water glucose Has… ____ membranes Series of stacks called __________, that contain ______________ 2 grana chlorophyll
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third thylakoid descendents endosymbiont Chapter 3
Section 3 Cell Organelles third A __________ membrane surrounds the grana It is called the __________________ membrane thylakoid Like mitochondria, scientists propose that chloroplasts are ______________ of ancient prokaryotes and are a part of the _____________ theory descendents endosymbiont
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volume nucleus food water ions waste Chapter 3 Central Vacuole
Section 3 Cell Organelles Central Vacuole Takes up most of the __________ of a plant cell…pushes the __________ to the side The central vacuole stores… __________ volume nucleus food water ions waste
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Cell membrane mitochondria ribosomes Golgi apparatus Rough ER
Chapter 3 Standardized Test Prep Question 1 Label the cell parts below… Cell membrane mitochondria ribosomes Golgi apparatus Rough ER Smooth ER
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Chapter 3 Standardized Test Prep Question 2 Which structures in this cell are also found in prokaryotic cells? A. A and B B. C and D C. E and F D. A and E
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Chapter 3 Standardized Test Prep Question 3 Which features of plant cells are missing from this cell? F. cell wall and chloroplasts G. Golgi apparatus and mitochondria H. rough ER and lysosomes J. smooth ER and nucleus
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Chapter 3 Question 4 What is the function of the structure labeled A?
Standardized Test Prep Question 4 What is the function of the structure labeled A? A. making ATP B. making carbohydrates C. making proteins D. moving proteins through the cell
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Chapter 3 Standardized Test Prep Question 5 Which of the following organelles does not have at least 2 membranes? A. chloroplast B. nucleus C. golgi apparatus D. mitochondria
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Chapter 3 Standardized Test Prep Question 6 Which of the following organelles are only found in animal cells? A. nucleus and ER B. centrioles and lysosomes C. cell wall and cell membrane D. ribosomes and mitochondria
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