1. What does the word trend mean?
Periodic Table Trends
What does the word trend mean?

2. The Periodic Table is similar to a calendar

3. A Calendar is organized by Days &
By weeks
The Periodic Table are organized by Families
And Periods

4. Periods Each row is called a “period”
The elements in each period have the
same number of electron energy levels
Elements’ atoms have different numbers of electrons. The electrons hang out in different energy levels surrounding the nucleus. Only so many electrons can hang out in each level at a time, so atoms with lots of electrons require more energy levels.
1st Period = 1 energy level
2nd Period = 2 energy levels
3rd Period = 3 energy levels
4th Period = 4 energy levels
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5. Periods Find Lithium on the Periodic Table2
Find Lithium on the Periodic Table
How many energy levels should it have?
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6. Periods 4 Find Calcium on the Periodic Table
How many energy levels should it have?
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7. Groups Group 18 = Nobel Gases Group 1 = Alkali Metal
or Families
Group 18 = Nobel Gases
Group 1 = Alkali Metal
Each column is called a “family” or group. 1
Each “family” or group have similar properties.
FYI just so you are not caught off guard - the Alkali Metal Family video says something slightly inappropriate “dogs nuts.”
Click on each of the two family names above to see a video about that family.

8. Groups Group 18 = 8 electrons Group 1 = 1 electron
or Families
Group 18 = 8 electrons
Group 1 = 1 electron
Except for He, it has 2 electrons
Group 2 = 2 electrons 1 18 2
Each element in a group has the same number of electrons in its outer orbital, also known as its outer shell.
Valence electrons are more complicated in this section of the periodic table
The electrons in the outer shell are called “valence electrons.”

9. Find Argon 8 How many valence electrons does it have?
But how many total electrons does it have?

10. Find Sulfur 6 How many valence electrons does it have?
But how many total electrons does it have?

11. Valence Electrons are what make chemical reactions take place.
Let’s look at Sodium
and Chlorine
How many valence electrons
does it have?
How many valence electrons
does it have?

12. Atoms want to have full energy levels
Atoms want to have full energy levels. In this case both Na and Cl want to have 8 valence electrons
I have 1 and you have 7 let’s join together and make 8
So the shiny metal (Na) chemically reacts
with the yellow gas (Cl)
and it makes a new substance NaCl
Click the picture of salt to watch this chemical reaction

13. The Periodic Table is organized in so many ways.
Let’s look at a 2 more basic ways it is organized.

14. By number of Protons a.k.a Atomic #

15. Metals, Metalloids, & Nonmetals
Click link to watch a video about the physical properties of Metals and Nonmetals
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16. The Periodic Table is organized in so many ways
The Periodic Table is organized in so many ways. It is an amazing tool and guide to all of our Universe’s elements!
Here is one more video about the Periodic Table from Crash Course.