1. Cells Unit 3: Chapter 4

2. Lesson Objectives: 10/12
List the scientists who contributed to our knowledge of the cell
List the 3 components of the cell theory

3. Cells
A cell is the smallest unit that can carry on all of the processes of life
It is the smallest unit in all living things

4. Units? Biological Organization: Atom Molecule Cell Tissue Organ
Organ system
Organism

5. The History of the Cell Theory
We had to first see the cells
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Dutch Biologist
Invented the first microscope
1600

6. History cont’d Robert Hooke (1665) Robert Brown (1833)
English Botanist
Observed the first cells in cork
Coined the term “little boxes”
Robert Brown (1833)
Scottish Botanist
Located a “dark” structure new the center of cells
The nucleus

7. History Cont’d Matthias Schleiden (1838) Theodor Schwann (1839)
German Botanist
Stated the all plants were composed of cells
Theodor Schwann (1839)
Discovered that animals are made of cells
Rudolf Virchow (1855)
Physicist
Stated that all cells come from other cells
Cell division

8. Our life line! Timeline Robert Brown Anton van Leeuwenhoek 1600 1665
Theodor Schwann
1833
1839
1855
Rudolf Virchow
1838
Matthias Schleiden
Robert Hooke
Our life line!

9. The Cell Theory All living things are composed of cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and function.
All cell come from reproduction of preexisting cells.

10. So in review......
Can you
Name the scientist involved in the history of the cell theory?
Name the 3 components of the cell theory?

11. Cell Diversity

12. Lesson Objectives Be able to name the two main types of cells.
State which type of cell is larger.
Identify which type of cell does not have a membrane bound nucleus.
Name the three main parts of the cell (that all cells have).

13. Cell Diversity Not all cells are alike!
You have at least 200 different cell types.
Different sizes, shapes and internal organizations
Helps it perform its function

14. Size Some are large enough to be seen by the unaided eye:
Chicken egg (yolk)
Frog eggs
Giraffe’s nerve cell runs down its leg
Size is limited by the ratio between their outer surface area and their volume
If surface area is too small, can’t get enough nutrients and oxygen

15. Shape

16. Internal Organization
Cell membrane surrounds the cell:
Thin membrane that helps protect the cell
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

17. Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote Cells
Endosymbiosis theory: 
All organelles seem to share many properties with bacteria. Lynn Margulis proposed endosymbiont hypothesis: that organelles derived from ancient colonization of large bacteria (became the eukaryotic cell) by smaller bacteria (became the mitochondria, chloroplast, etc.) Symbiosis = "living together".
*Mitochondria & Chloroplasts have their own DNA

18. Prokaryotes No membrane bound nucleus No membrane bound organelles
chromosomes grouped together in an area called the "nucleoid"
No membrane bound organelles
Smaller than eukaryotes
Contain DNA, cytoplasm and ribosomes

19. Prokaryotes
Have cell wall and cell membrane, some have a capsule on the outside
Ribosomes make protein
Consist of bacteria and archaebacteria
Appendage: flagella
Reproduce via binary fission

20. E. coli

21. Eukaryotes Has membrane bound nucleus
Has membrane bound organelles in cytoplasm
Much larger than prokaryotes
Reproduce via mitosis
Organisms within the animal, plant and fungi kingdoms are all eukaryotes

22. We will be spending a lot of time on these organelles and their functions

24. So In Review.... Can You...... Name the two main types of cells?
State which one is larger?  
Identify which one does not have a membrane bound nucleus?
Name the three main parts of the cell (that all cells have)?
State the 3 components of the cell theory?

25. Eukaryotic Organelles

26. Lesson Objectives 10/17
Be able to identify the cell membrane, cell wall and the nucleus.
Describe the structure, composition and function of the cell membrane.
Describe the structure and function of the nucleus.

27. Eukaryotic Cells All have (main components) A cell membrane A Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Other organelles

28. Cell Membrane Outer boundary of the cell
Function: to regulate what comes into the cell and what goes out
Selectively permeable

29. Fluid Mosaic Model
What are the structures that the video detailed are the ones that make up the plasma (cell) membrane?
Proteins
Allow molecules to pass through the membrane
Carbohydrates
Lipids (phospholipid bilayer)

30. Cell Wall
Provides additional support and protects the cell (plant and bacteria cells)
Not in animal cells
Lies outside of the cell membrane
Box and glove demonstration
Made up of cellulose, polysaccharides and proteins

31. Nucleus "control center" of the cell
Stores and transmits genetic information, DNA
Provides the instructions for protein synthesis, RNA
Found only in eukaryotes
Responsible for communicating with other organelles through nuclear envelope
Double membrane that surrounds nucleus
Contains chromatin
Genetic information (DNA)

32. Nucleolus The nucleus contains the nucleolus
Small structure in the nucleus
Make ribosomes
Ribosomes aid in production of proteins within cell.

33. Cytoplasm Jell-o like substance: Cytosol
The area between the cell membrane and the nucleus
Contains structures in the cell
Organelles
Cytoskeleton
The framework of the cell
Contains microtubules and microfilaments
Aid in movement and support the cell

34. So in review
Can you......
Identify the cell membrane, cell wall and the nucleus.
Describe the structure, composition and function of the cell membrane.
Describe the structure and function of the nucleus.

35. Lesson Objectives 10/18
Be able to identify mitochondria, chloroplasts and the Golgi apparatus, and be able to describe their functions.
Identify the three structures that are characteristic of plant cells.

36. Entrance Assessment With the materials located in front of you....
Create a diagram of the cell membrane
Be able to label/point to the 3 main components of the cell membrane
Label the hydrophilic and hydrophobic sides of the membrane
Answer the question on your paper:
What is the function of the cell membrane?

37. Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell, providing most of its ATP supply
ATP: molecule that most cells use as energy
Contain their own RNA and DNA and are able to reproduce themselves
Endosymbiosis theory
Two membranes:
Inner
Contains long folds known as cristae
Outer

38. Plastids Much like mitochondria: Chloroplasts are an examples
Contain DNA
Surrounded by 2 membranes
Chloroplasts are an examples
Convert energy from the sunlight into chemical energy
Photosynthesis
Contain large amounts of green pigment

39. Golgi Apparatus “Delivery System” flattened stacks of membranes
functions in collection, packaging and distribution of molecules made in the cell and used elsewhere