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Fall of Rome & Rise of Byzantines

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1 Fall of Rome & Rise of Byzantines

2 BRAINSTORM! The Roman Empire was a great civilization that influenced the world in many ways. How did such a great civilization fall? What may have been some of the weaknesses of the Roman Empire that led to its collapse?

3 History Channel Fall of Western Roman Empire

4 I. Empire Declines BEGAN AFTER PAX ROMANA - 180 CE
internal & external challenges cause a slow decline for Roman Empire

5 II. Internal Factors A. Political Problems:
CE - last of “Good Emperors” gone  All emperors died by way of violence (civil wars) Decrease in political loyalty Lack of strong government led to invasions & discontent

6 Increased need for protection = MORE troops
2. Roman army Increased need for protection = MORE troops Soldiers loyal to military general over emperor Paid Germanic officers to fight – mercenaries caused conflicts within ranks Expensive to maintain

7 3. Empire = too large Diocletian split E. & W. empire (284 CE) in order to rule efficiently (ruled from East, coemperor in West) Succeeded by Constantine I (312 CE) Moved capital city to Constantinople (at Byzantium)

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9 B. Economic Problems 1. Decrease in trade & incoming wealth
Merchants feared shipping & trade routes No more expansion 2. Bad harvests in the West 3. Taxes were raised to pay for army

10 5. Unemployment rose (slave labor used on latifundias)
4. No new wealth so government minted new coins to maintain the money supply Less silver in new coins INFLATION 5. Unemployment rose (slave labor used on latifundias) 6. Welfare system drained treasury  “Bread and Circuses”

11 C. Social Problems 2. Christianity changed empire
1. Gap between rich & poor grew - decline in pride, increase in discontent money/status valued over “Roman” history & heritage 2. Christianity changed empire Undermined gov’t & war- like pagan spirit

12 Invasions (376-476) III. EXTERNAL FACTORS
Huns (from East Asia) invaded Germanic tribes Visogoths pushed into empire (in the West) & took land Visogoths & Romans teamed up to fight Huns  then Visogoths turned against the Romans

13 Visogoth’s knowledge of Roman tactics allowed Germanic tribes to crush army
Roman army collapsed under invasions & other barbarians followed (Vandals)

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15 - Huns continued West & attacked Gaul & Rome under leadership of Attila
- Christian leader (Pope Leo I) convinced Attila to leave, but Rome was weakened - Germanic tribes sack Rome/depose emperor 476 CE = END OF W. ROMAN EMPIRE

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18 I. Byzantine Empire- Geography & Background
A. Lifespan: CE B. Diocletian Split Empire C. Constantinople = new capital Why move capital? D. Geography HUGE advantage for Byzantine Empire

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20 II. Byzantine Economics
A. Constantinople = crossroads for trade & productive city B. Bezant used as standard currency in Mediterranean basin C. Many imports & exports D. Used tariffs to make $$ E. Advanced banking system helped to fuel business

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23 III. Byzantine Politics
A. ABSOLUTE RULER i. Emperors had total religious & political power:“PRIEST-KINGS” ii. Claim divine right to rule iii. Claimed heirs of Octavian Augustus - Justinian I: CE

24 B. Justinian’s Accomplishments
i. Re-conquer Roman lands ii. Justinian’s Code iii. Hagia Sophia & city building

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29 IV. Byzantine Culture A. Greek, not Latin language
B. Byzantine art & architecture influenced by Christianity i. mosaics = pictures created with small tiles, reflection of religion ii. Domed churches

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32 RELIGION: Growing tension between Eastern & Western Churches
“GREAT SCHISM” CE Eastern Orthodox (E)& Roman Catholic (W)

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34 D. Main Reasons for SCHISM
Differences in practice - Greek in Byz vs. Latin in Rome - Byz. priests can marry, Roman priests cannot 2. Use of Icons - Byz. Emperor outlaws, then gradually accepts icons, Romans want to use them

35 3. Power struggle - Thought Byz. patriarch & councils were authority
- East did not see Pope as supreme power within Church - Thought Byz. patriarch & councils were authority - Patriarch chosen by emperor, Pope claimed sole authority of Church (independent of gov)

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