1. Solids, Liquids, and Gases Chapter 8 - Lesson 1 pages 272 - 279
States of Matter
Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Chapter 8 - Lesson pages

2. Essential Questions:
How do particles move in solids, liquids, and gases?
How are the forces between particles different in solids, liquids, and gases?

3. Big Ideas Particle Movement and Attractive Forces
Particles in every state of matter move to some degree, exhibiting random motion. This means they move in all directions at varying speeds. They change speed and direction after colliding with other particles. When thermal energy is added to a substance this motion increases. The state of matter depends on the balance between the energy of this motion and the strength of the intermolecular forces between particles. The strength of the intermolecular forces depends on the charges of the particles and the distance between them.
Matter
All matter is composed of particles called atoms. Matter can exist in four states: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Although 99% of all matter in the universe is plasma, the other three states are more common on Earth. Two factors affect the state that matter exists in - the movement of its particles and the strength of the attractive forces between the particles.

4. Big Ideas Solids, Liquids, and Gases
In a solid, tightly packed particles can only vibrate. Because of their proximity, the attractive forces between particles are strong, which is why solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. In a liquid, the particles have enough energy of motion to partially escape some of these attractive forces, enabling the liquid to take the shape of its container. Although the strength of the attractive forces is less than in a solid, it is still strong enough for liquids to have a definite volume. In a gas, the particles have enough energy of motion to escape the attractive forces between them. Gases have neither a definite volume nor a definite shape.

5. What do you think?
Particles moving at the same speed make up all matter.
The particles in a solid do not move.
Particles of matter have both PE and KE.
When a solid melts, thermal energy is removed from the solid.

6. Vocabulary to know . . . (write these in your foldables)
Solid - matter that has a definite volume and a definite shape.
Liquid - matter with a definite volume but no definite shape. Takes on the shape of the container.
Gas - matter that has no definite volume and no definite shape.
Plasma - a gas becomes a plasma when its heated until the atoms lose all their electrons, leaving a highly electrified collection of nuclei.

7. SOLIDS
No two types of solids are the same.
For example a diamond is a solid but a rock is also a solid and they are two very different things. However they are the same and both made up of Carbon Atoms. .
Different particle arrangements give materials different properties.

8. SOLIDS
A diamond is a crystalline solid. It has particles arranged in a specific, repeating order. Charcoal is a amorphous solid. It has particles arranged randomly.
No two types of solids are the same.
For example a diamond is a solid but a rock is also a solid and they are two very different things. However they are the same and both made up of Carbon Atoms. .
Different particle arrangements give materials different properties.

10. LIQUIDS
Liquid- the state of matter with a definite volume, but no definite shape.
Liquids take the shape of their container, for instance, the water in a river takes the shape of the of the waterbed.
The water in the water bottle below takes the shape of the plastic container

11. LIQUIDS
The particle motion in the liquid state of a material is faster than the particle motion in the solid state. This increased particle motion causes the particles to move slightly farther apart.
Attractive forces between water molecules causes something called surface tension.
Water molecules below the surface are surrounded on all sides by other water molecules. They have attractive forces / pulls in all directions.

13. GASES It is not easy to identify the gas because you cannot see it.
Definition - matter that has no definite volume and no definite shape
It is not easy to identify the gas because you cannot see it.
Air is a mixture of gases, including nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and carbon dioxide.
Particles far apart and move freely
Slight or weak attractive forces between particles
When the matter goes from the liquid to the gas state, the particles move even farther apart

15. PLASMA
A fourth state of matter distinct from gas or solid or liquid and present in stars and fusion reactors; a gas becomes a plasma when its heated until the atoms lose all their electrons, leaving a highly electrified collection of nuclei.

16. Plasma

17. Matter - Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Vocabulary to know . . .
Matter - Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Surface tension - the uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid.
Vapor - the gas state of a substance that is normally a solid or a liquid at room temperature
Viscosity - a measurement of liquid’s resistance to flow.

18. Surface Tension
-The uneven forces acting on the particles on the surface of a liquid.
-In general, the stronger the attractive force between particles, the greater surface tension of the liquid.
-Surface tension allows this spider to walk on water. ---->

19. Viscosity Ex: Honey, Toothpaste, Lava, and Tar
If you have ever poured or dipped honey you have experienced a liquid with high viscosity. Honey has a high viscosity while water has a low viscosity. Viscosity is due to particle mass, particle shape, and the strength of the attraction between the particle of the liquid. For many liquids viscosity decreases as the liquids get hotter. The mass and shape of particles that make up a liquid also affect viscosity. Large particles or particles with complex shapes tend to move more slowly.
Cohesion is the attraction of these molecules.
Ex: Honey, Toothpaste, Lava, and Tar

20. VAPOR
The gas state of a substance that is normally a solid or a liquid at room temperature is vapor.
Substances that can form vapor: rubbing alcohol, iodine, mercury, and gasoline.
Water at room temperature is a liquid, when it is in its gas state it is turned to water vapor.

21. Watch the following video.
Take notes on the following items:
Where do you see a change of state?
What different states do you see?
Why is viscosity important in glass blowing?

22. Glass Blowing Glass animal demo
Hand Blown Pitcher
How It’s Made - glass blowing
Cold glass sculptures
Demo for kids