1. Civil Rights II
Civil Disobedience

2. African Americans in 1960: Health Education Work
Life expectancy 7 years shorter than white Americans
Education
½ the chance of completing high school
1/3 the chance of completing college
Work
½ the yearly income
Twice the unemployment

3. African Americans in 1960: Segregation persists: Voting:
1 percent of Blacks in desegregated schools
Voting:
¼ of Blacks eligible to vote in the South

4. Activism: A Call for Equality
“We can’t wait any longer. Now is the Time.” MLK
“We Shall Overcome.”

5. Civil Disobedience:
Civil Disobedience: Non-violent resistance or refusal to obey certain laws

6. 1. If you were the man in the middle, how would you react to having smoke blown into your face?

7. Church: Churches used to organize activism and resistance
Moral high ground

8. Martin Luther King Jr: Racial Equality
Charismatic leader, fantastic speaker, and great organizer

9. United States Presidents:
John F. Kennedy:
Slow to act
Media coverage, shocks Kennedy into action.
Lyndon B. Johnson:
Pushes civil rights acts through congress
“Great Society” equal education and job opportunities

10. Accomplishments: Civil Right Act of 1964
discrimination in public places illegal
equal employment
enforcement
24th Amendment:
Bars a poll tax in federal elections.
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Prohibits literacy tests
Federal employees sent to South to register Black voters
Outcome: 450,000 Southern Blacks register to vote in 1965

11. The Cost: Police brutality (Birmingham, Orangeville, Selma)
Violence, Vandalism, Murder, Terror: Countless Incidents
Police brutality (Birmingham, Orangeville, Selma)
Billy clubs, tear gas, dogs, high pressure fire hoses
Vandalism: “Bombing ham”
Murders

12. Martyr for the Movement:
Medgar Evers, NAACP, Mississippi.
Fought for desegregated schools, voting rights, and the end of discrimination.
Numerous threats on his life.
 Assassinated in 1963
Murderer not imprisoned until 1994, despite a murder weapon and a lot of evidence.
Following his death, hundreds of demonstrators marched in protest.

13. Martyr for the Movement:
Viola Luizzo: NAACP, mother of five
Selma-Montgomery march
Seen driving in a car with a black man
KKK members (One was an FBI agent) followed Luizzo and shot her
the three members of the Ku Klux Klan walk free
President Johnson reopens the case.

14. Martyrs for the Movement:
16th Street Baptist Church:
September 15th, 1963
Sunday morning bombing
Carried out by KKK
Four young girls killed
Murderous act shocked the nation