1. Journal of Vascular Surgery
Wall shear stress and strain modulate experimental aneurysm cellularity 
Katsuyuki Hoshina, MD, Eiketsu Sho, MD, PhD, Mien Sho, MD, Takeshi K. Nakahashi, MD, PhD, Ronald L. Dalman, MD 
Journal of Vascular Surgery 
Volume 37, Issue 5, (May 2003)
DOI: /S (03)
Copyright © 2003 Society for Vascular Surgery and The American Association for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Aortic hemodynamic responses to either femoral arteriovenous fistula creation (high flow) or iliac ligation (low-flow). BF, Blood flow (mL/min); WSS, wall shear stress (dynes/cm2); RWS, relative wall strain (×10−1); WM, wall motion (×10−3); BP, mean blood pressure (mm Hg). *Significant vs preoperative value. †Significant vs iliac ligation group. P <.05 for all comparisons.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (03) )
Copyright © 2003 Society for Vascular Surgery and The American Association for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Changes in aortic diameter after porcine pancreatic elastase infusion with iliac artery ligation or femoral arteriovenous fistula creation. *Significant compared with preoperative diameter (P <.05). †Significant compared with low-flow AAA (P <.01).
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (03) )
Copyright © 2003 Society for Vascular Surgery and The American Association for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Photomicrographs of representative sections of AAA wall from low-flow AAA (A, C, E, G) and comparative high-flow AAA sections (B, D, F, H). CD31 was detected in endothelial junctions and surfaces (arrows) in both low-flow and high-flow AAA (A and B, respectively). Medial cells demonstrate heavy positive staining for α-actin in low-flow and high-flow AAA groups (C and D, respectively). BrdU-positive nuclei were detected on inner side of media (arrows), showing more proliferation in high-flow (F) vs low-flow AAA (E). TUNEL-positive nuclei were present in both media (arrow) and adventitia (arrowhead) in low-flow AAA (G) and high-flow AAA (H) (original magnification, ×400).
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (03) )
Copyright © 2003 Society for Vascular Surgery and The American Association for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
AAA expression of VEGF-D, KDR, and PDGF-β mRNA as a function of luminal flow after either femoral AVF creation or iliac ligation. *P <.05 compared with low-flow group. Specific polymerase chain reaction product bands (201 bp for VEGF-D, 101 bp for KDR, 72 bp for PDGF-β) were detected in 2% agarose gel after 40 cycles. M, mark.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (03) )
Copyright © 2003 Society for Vascular Surgery and The American Association for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Gelatinolytic activity in AAA wall after either iliac artery ligation or femoral ATF creation. Gelatinase A (MMP-2; mol wt, 72 kD [proenzyme] and 65 kD [active]) activity was induced in both low-flow and high-flow AAA, but no significant difference in activity was noted between groups. Gelatinase B (MMP-9; mol wt, 92 [proenzyme] and 86 kD [active]) was induced in both low-flow and high-flow AAA, but was clearly more prominent in high-flow AAA. MW, molecular weight.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (03) )
Copyright © 2003 Society for Vascular Surgery and The American Association for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions