1. TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT
Leader: American Temperance Union and religious leaders
GOAL: to eliminate alcohol abuse
REASON: alcohol led to crime, poverty, abuse of family

2. TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT
Religious leaders stood at the forefront of the war against alcohol.
Public drunkenness was common in the early 1800s.
Alcohol abuse was widespread, especially in the West and among urban workers.

3. TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT Reformers blamed alcohol for: poverty
breakup of families
crime
Insanity
Another effect of the easy-to-get alcohol was the abuse of wives and children.

4. TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT Alcohol abuse was widespread during this time.
Employers often paid part of workers’ wages in rum or whiskey.
Workers took rum breaks similar to today’s coffee breaks!!

5. TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT The reformers began a campaign against drinking.
The campaign was
known as the
temperance movement.

6. TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT
The American Temperance Society was formed in 1826.
Within a few years, about 1000 local organizations sprang up across the nation.
Some groups took a moderate approach and asked people to drink less alcohol.
Other groups insisted that the sale of alcohol be banned altogether!

7. TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT

8. TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT
Northern and Southern temperance societies used propaganda to win support for their cause.
They held meetings, gave speeches, and distributed pamphlets.
They even sang songs such as “Drink Nothing, Boys, but Water,” and “Father, Bring Home Your Money Tonight.”

9. TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT
State legislators took the reformers’ message to heart. By 1857 several states had passed prohibition laws. Many Americans protested the laws, and most of the laws were later repealed.
The temperance movement stayed alive, though, and found renewed support later in the century…….

10. TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT
with individuals like Carrie Nation.

11. ABOLITION OF SLAVERY
Leaders: Quakers, Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, William Lloyd Garrison, anti-slavery groups
GOAL: end slavery
REASON: it is immoral for one person to own another

12. ABOLITION OF SLAVERY
By 1840, nearly 2.5 million enslaved people lived in the South.
At one time, the North also had slavery. By 1804 every Northern state legislature had passed laws to eliminate it.
The Southern economy, though, depended on slave labor.

13. ABOLITION OF SLAVERY
An organized antislavery movement did not begin until after the Revolutionary War.
A religious group, the Quakers, started the abolition movement. Quakers had opposed slavery since colonial times. In 1775 the Quakers organized the first antislavery society.
ABOLISH SLAVERY!

14. ABOLITION OF SLAVERY
The American Colonization Society, founded in 1817, wanted to help free African Americans.
The society set up a colony for free African Americans in Liberia, in western Africa.
It was not successful because many African Americans wished to remain in the United States, their home.

15. ABOLITION OF SLAVERY
In 1831 white abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison founded The Liberator, a Boston anti-slavery newspaper.
In the first issue, Garrison demanded the immediate emancipation, or freeing, of all enslaved persons.
He urged abolitionists to take action without delay.

16. ABOLITION OF SLAVERY
The North had many prominent African American abolitionists.
Isabella Baumfree, although born into slavery in New York, gained her freedom when New York abolished slavery. She changed her name to Sojourner Truth and vowed to tell the world about the cruelty of slavery. She began a tireless crusade against injustice.

17. ABOLITION OF SLAVERY
The most important spokesperson for the cause was Frederick Douglass.
Born into slavery, Douglass secretly taught himself to read, although Southern laws prohibited it.
He escaped from slavery in 1838 and settled in Massachusetts.
He captivated audiences by talking about his life in bondage.
He spoke out against the injustices faced by free African Americans.

18. ABOLITION OF SLAVERY
In addition to his public speaking, Douglass edited a widely read abolitionist journal called the North Star.
Douglass’s speaking and writing abilities so impressed audiences that opponents refused to believe he had been a slave!
In response, he wrote three very moving autobiographies.

19. ABOLITION OF SLAVERY
Many abolitionists, like Douglass, did more than lecture and write. They became “conductors” on the Underground Railroad.
The Underground Railroad began around It was not an actual railroad but a series of houses where conductors hid runaway enslaved persons and helped them reach the next “station.”
Enslaved African Americans made their way to the North or Canada on the railroad.

20. ABOLITION OF SLAVERY

21. ABOLITION OF SLAVERY
Harriet Tubman became the most famous African American conductor on the Underground Railroad.
Tubman fled from slavery in Later she explained why she risked her life to escape:
“There was one of two things I had a right to, liberty or death; if I could not have the one, I would have the other.”

22. ABOLITION OF SLAVERY
Tubman helped others escape. She returned to the South 19 times and led more than 300 enslaved people—including her own parents—to freedom.
Slaveholders offered a reward of $40,000 for her, dead or alive.
But she managed to avoid discovery time after time.

23. Women’s Rights
Leaders: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucretia Mott, Susan B. Anthony, Sojourner Truth
GOAL: obtain equal rights for women, including suffrage, right to own property, and education
REASON: women did not have the same rights as men

24. Women’s Rights
Their involvement in the antislavery movement and other reform movements gave women roles outside their homes and families.
They learned valuable skills, such as organizing, working together, and speaking public. (Note: it was considered “unfeminine” to speak in public!)

25. Women’s Rights
After attending the World Anti-Slavery Convention in London in 1840 and not being allowed to participate in the discussions, Lucretia Coffin Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton spent hours talking about women’s position in society.
They realized that they could not bring about social change if they themselves lacked social and political rights.

26. Women’s Rights
On July 19, 1848, the first women’s rights convention opened in Seneca Falls, New York.
Both male and female delegates attended the convention.

27. Women’s Rights
The delegates issued the Seneca Falls Declaration that “all men and women are created equal.”
Then the declaration listed several resolutions. One of them demanded suffrage, or the right to vote, for women. After much heated debate, it passed by a narrow margin.

28. Women’s Rights
The Seneca Falls Convention marked the beginning of an organized women’s rights movement.
Following the convention, women did not achieve all of their demands. They did, however overcome some obstacles.
Many states passed laws permitting women to own their own property and keep their own earnings.
Many men and women, though, continued to oppose the movement. Most politicians ignored or acted hostile to the issue of women’s rights.

29. Women’s Rights
Susan B. Anthony, a powerful organizer, joined the women’s rights movement. Her father encouraged her to get an education and so she became a teacher.
A dedicated reformer, Anthony joined the temperance movement and worked for the American Anti-Slavery Society.
She became one of the first to urge full participation of African Americans in the women’s suffrage movement.
Through her efforts, the state of New York agreed to grant married women the guardianship of their children and control of their own wages.
Today Anthony is one of the early movement’s best-remembered leaders.