1. Progressive Era Overview

2. Food Regulation
Upton Sinclair and The Jungle – A muckraker who wrote a book that highlighted the labor and food conditions of the meat packing industry
Meat Inspection Act – Required federal inspection of meat processing to ensure sanitary conditions
Pure Food and Drug Act – Outlawed interstate transportation of impure or distilled foods and the deliberate mislabeling of food and drugs

3. Muckrakers
Jacob Riis and Tenements – Well known urban reformer who used writings and photographs to show the need for better housing
Jane Adams and Settlement Houses – A progressive that pushed for women’s suffrage, labor reform, immigrant housing, etc…
Hull House – A settlement founded by Jane Adams in Chicago, which offered people (especially immigrants) education, child care, social activities, and help finding jobs

4. Muckrakers Cont.
Lincoln Steffens and The Shame of the Cities – Investigated corruption in municipal government in American cities
17th Amendment – Direct election of senators by the people (reduced the influence of the corporations or political bosses)
Ida Tarbell and Standard Oil – Muckraker who wrote about the Standard Oil Company, which highlighted Rockefeller’s oil monopoly

5. Temperance and Prohibition
Prohibition and the 18th Amendment – Outlawed/banned the making, selling, and transportation of alcohol (1919)
Carrie A Nation – Radically fought for prohibition with vandalism and extreme measures
21st Amendment – Repealed (cancelled) the 18th Amendment

6. Women’s Rights
19th Amendment (suffrage) – In 1920, the amendment was ratified giving women the right to vote
Susan B Anthony – A leader for women’s suffrage
Alice Paul – A leader for women’s suffrage through aggressive measures including picketing, shouting, and acting “unlady-like”

7. African American Rights
Jim Crow Laws – Laws created to segregate whites from blacks
KKK – Extreme organization that fights for white supremacy, white nationalism, and anti-immigration
Lynching – the illegal execution of a minority, usually through hanging
Literacy Test – Test given to immigrants and blacks which required them to be literate to vote
Poll Tax – Tax required to vote (most blacks and immigrants could not pay it, so they could not vote)
Grandfather Clause – Blacks were given the right to vote as long as their grandfather had the right to vote
NAACP – Organization focused on eliminating discrimination and creating equal rights for all people regardless of race or skin color

8. Discrimination towards Immigrants
Nativism – Favoring the status for established inhabitants of a nation compared to newcomers or immigrants
Steerage – The ship that was the cheapest form of transportation for immigration from Europe
Ellis Island – An island off the shore of NY, NY; most immigrants come through Ellis Island before entering the US
Immigration Quotas – Limited the number of immigrants who could enter the US and attempted to prevent immigrants from taking American jobs
Chinese Exclusion Act – Restricted all immigration from China

9. Regulating Business
Trust-busting – Break up of all trusts or organizations that are corrupt
Sherman Anti-Trust Act – Prohibits certain business activities that federal government regulators deem to be anti-competitive
Clayton Anti-Trust Act – Strengthened the government’s control over business practices that threatened competition, prevented price-fixing, and from buying stocks from competitors’ firms
Monopolies – Businesses that own a majority of the market
Triangle Shirt Waste Factory Fire – One of the deadliest industrial disasters. It highlighted the dangers and unsafe working conditions of workers

10. Conservation
Theodore Roosevelt was interested in protecting the environment and wilderness lands
Conservation – Preserving, protecting, or restoring the natural environment and wildlife

11. Federal Reserve System
Federal Reserve Act – Divided the banking system into 12 districts each with a federal reserve bank.
The new banks could:
Issue new currency
Control the amount of money in circulation
Shift money from one bank to another
16th Amendment – Gave Congress the power to levy an income tax