1. Physical Science Big Idea 8: Properties of Matter
Practicing Science: Observing the Natural World of Matter
2018

3. What is Matter? The material or “Stuff” that everything is made of.
You are made of matter
Water is matter
Air is matter
In other words, all objects and substances are made of matter.
Even when something is too tiny to see, it is still made of matter (microscope)

4. Properties… The characteristics of a substance:
The way it tastes
The way it smells
Its color
Does it dissolve in water?
Is it a solid, liquid, or gas?
Is it attracted to a magnet?
it’s boiling and melting point

5. Physical properties:
A property that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of that matter.
Color
Texture
Odor
Conducts heat
Conducts electricity
Magnetic
Floats or sinks in water
Solubility
Boiling point
Melting point

6. Observing matter: What are you doing if you are observing matter?
Observing matter means to carefully explore all of its properties. Look around the room and identify some matter. What are some physical properties matter can have? Color, texture, odor, shape, taste, etc All objects and substances in the world are made of matter. Matter has two fundamental properties: All matter has mass and takes up space. The three major properties of all matter are: mass, volume, and density.
Click on hyperlinks for content videos: properties, mass and takes up space.

7. Observations (review)
Qualitative: (using 5 senses):
Quantitative:(using tools to measure)
Taste
Smell
Texture
Color
Shape
Attracted to magnets?
Dissolve in water>
Volume
Mass
Weight/Mass
Temperature
No tw

8. Volume (Let’s review again)…
Volume: We all know that all matter takes up space.
Volume is the amount of space that an object or substance takes up.
The volume of block-shaped (regular objects) is measured in cubic centimeters and cubic meters.
Formula: L X W X H
The volume of liquids and powders is measured in milliliters, liters, and kiloliters.

9. Using a graduated cylinder… for liquids and irregular objects

10. What about a powder? (Fun Facts)… not on test!
How can I find the volume of NaCl (Sodium Chloride aka salt)
Hint #1: If I add the NaCl to water, it will dissolve…
Hint #2: Watch the video below…

11. Volume of a rectangular prism or cube… L x W x H

12. Mass: The amount of matter in an object.
Basic Unit of mass is the gram.
Other units used: kilograms and milligrams.
Measured with a balance.
The mass of a liquid can't be directly measured by depositing it on the scale because a liquid is always accompanied by a container.
Mass:

13. Density: Put volume and mass together and what do you have? Density
Density is the amount of mass in a known volume of an object.
To find the density of an object, divide its mass by its volume.
D = 𝑀 𝑉
Since mass is measured in grams, and volume is measured in cubic centimeters, then the measurement for density is grams/cubic centimeters

14. Atoms: Do you know the “Atoms Family”

15. What is an Atom?
An atom is the smallest particle of a substance that has all the properties of the substance.
Atoms are very tiny (tinier than the cells in your body).
They are tinier than germs.
They cannot be seen with a regular microscope.
Ex:
Gold is made of atoms of gold
All gold atoms are alike
All gold atoms have the same properties

16. NaCl (Sodium Chloride) Table Salt…
Na (Sodium): 11 Protons, 11 Electrons, 12 Neutrons : It is a neutral atom
Cl (Chlorine):17 Protons, 17 Electrons, 18 Neutrons): It is a neutral atom
One sodium (Na) atom gives it's electron to one chlorine (Cl) atom.
It now became positively charged.
Chlorine now has 18 electrons and it becomes negativily charged.
Positive and negative attract so what do they do? They BOND!

17. Molecules & Compounds (Not on Test)
Molecule: atoms that are connected by chemical bonds. Every combination of atoms is a molecule.
A Compounds is a molecule made of atoms of different elements.
All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds.
Example: Hydrogen (gas): H2 is a molecule, but not a compounds because it is made of only one element.
Water (H2O) can be called a molecule or a compound because it is made with Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen (O) Atoms.

18. What's the smallest thing you've ever seen
What's the smallest thing you've ever seen? Maybe a hair, a pinhead, or a spec of dust?
Ordinary optical microscopes (light-based microscopes), like the ones you find in a school lab, are nowhere near good enough to see things in such detail. It takes a much more powerful electron microscope—using beams of electrons instead of rays of light—to take us down to nano-dimensions.
What you’re looking at is the first direct observation of an atom’s electron orbital!
 To capture the image, researchers utilized a new quantum microscope
This is Hydrogen!

20. An atom is made up of even smaller parts.
These parts determine what the atom is, its mass, and how it behaves.
Atom’s Center is the Nucleus.
In the nucleus are Protons and Neutrons.
Protons:
have a Positive Charge (+)
Number of protons tells what kind of atom it is.
Example: 1 proton = hydrogen atom

21. Neutrons:
have “NO” Charge
Adds mass to an atom
Usually the number of neutrons is the same as the number of protons. Some atoms might have one or two more neutrons, but that only gives it mass.
However, some atoms of the same kind may have different numbers of neutrons This does not change what kind of atom it is.

22. Electrons are in the space outside of the nucleus called clouds.
Electrons have a negative charge.
Usually the number of electrons is the same as the number of protons.
The number and arrangement of electrons determine how an atom will interact with other atoms.

23. Elements:
An element is a pure substance made of only one kind of atom.
It describes an atoms specific characteristics.
Example:
Gold
Iron
Hydrogen

24. How many Elements are there?
As far as we know, there are a limited number of basic elements. Up to this point in time, we have discovered or created about Scientists just confirmed the creation of element 117 in 2014.
While there are more elements to discover, the basic elements remain the same.
94 elements occur naturally on Earth, on other planets, and in the stars.
The other 16 elements have been made by scientists in labs.

25. How do we know the elements there are in space?
Iron (Fe) atoms found on Earth are identical to iron atoms found on meteorites. The iron atoms in the red soil of Mars are also the same. 

27. Do our bodies have elements?
Chemists have learned that over 95% of your body is made up of hydrogen (H), carbon (C), nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus (P), and calcium (Ca). The bodies of all living things are mostly made of 4 elements:
Oxygen (65%)
Carbon (18.5%)
Hydrogen (9.5%)
Nitrogen (3.3%)
Other elements (3.7%)

28. Periodic Table
The periodic table is organized like a big grid. Each element is placed in a specific location because of its atomic structure. As with any grid, the periodic table has rows (left to right) and columns (up and down). Each row and column has specific characteristics.

29. Oxygen:

31. Did you know that there are four states of matter?

32. What physical properties do all solids have in common?
The particles in solids are close together and vibrate in place. For this reason:
A solid has its own definite shape and definite volume.
A solid keeps its shape even when it moves.
Explore and Explain: Have students name some solids they can see in the classroom. Then ask what properties they all have in common? Ask what tool do scientist use to observe the atoms or molecules that make up solids?
(atomic microscope) Why do scientists need this tool to see the atoms that make up matter all matter? (All matter is composed of parts that are too small to be seen without magnification.)

34. What physical properties do all liquids have in common?
The particles in liquids are not as close together as the particles in solids and move more freely than particles of solids. For this reason:
Liquids have a definite volume.
Liquids take the shape of their container.
Liquids can be poured from one container to another.
atomic
microscope
Explore and Explain: Have students name some liquids that are in the classroom and in the cafeteria. Then ask what properties they all have in common? Ask what tool do scientist use to observe the atoms or molecules that make up liquids?(atomic microscope) Why do scientists need this tool to see the atoms that make up matter all matter? (All matter is composed of parts that are too small to be seen without magnification.)

35. What physical properties do all gases have in common?
The particles in gases move freely in all directions. For this reason:
Gases have no definite size or shape.
A gas take the shape of its container.
A gas will fill all the space inside a container.
Explore and Explain: Have students name a gas that is all around them. Then ask what properties they all gases have in common? Ask what tool do scientist use to observe the atoms or molecules that make up gases?
(atomic microscope) Why do scientists need this tool to see the atoms that make up matter all matter? (All matter is composed of parts that are too small to be seen without magnification.)
Explain: Have students create a three part match book foldable to compare and contrast the properties of solids, liquids, and gases.
Evaluate: Students will complete a three-circle Venn diagram, comparing and contrasting the properties of the three states.
of water as a solid, liquid, and gas.
Three States foldable
Three States Venn diagram

36. Why do scientists use microscopes to study matter?
Explain: Ask the question: Why do scientists use atomic microscopes to study matter?
Answer: Using atomic microscopes allows them to observe the parts of matter that are too small to be seen without magnification. What do we call these parts of matter? (Atoms or molecules)
Please note students will learn more about atoms when they study static electricity in Big Idea 10: Energy in Quarter 2.

37. What are some Properties or characteristics of Matter?
Color Shape Size Luster Texture Mass Weight Length Volume State/Phase (solid, liquid or gas)
Click on the hyperlink: What are some Properties or characteristics of Matter for Study Jams Matter video.

38. Match the Properties Being Tested
Absorbent
Elastic
Electrical Conductor
Flexible
Magnetic
Hard
Transparent
Does the material stretch and then return to shape?
Does electricity flow when the material is used to complete the circuit?
Is the magnet attracted to the material?
Can a penny scratch the material?
Can you see through the material?
Does the material bend without breaking?
Does the material change when dipped into water?
Explain: Students can number in their notebooks and match the properties to the question being asked.

39. What can be added to the Properties of Matter List?
Color Shape Size Luster Texture Mass Weight Volume State/Phase (solid, liquid or gas)
Flexible Elastic Magnetic Conductor of electricity Ability to sink or float in water Ability to Dissolve in a liquid or solubility
Explain/Evaluate: Students share any new properties they used in the investigation two.

40. How does heat affect matter?
Add Heat:
Changes matter from one state to anther
Solid to a liquid
Liquid to a gas
Take away heat:
Changes matter from one state to another
Gas to a liquid
Liquid to a solid

41. Investigation Four: Using the Engineering Design
Choose an object to design: It could be a sneaker, a backpack or something else.
Think about what property the object needs. For example: an umbrella needs to be waterproof. What else? tough, flexible
Decide on what would be a good material.
Draw the design and label the materials to be used
and their properties.
Be ready to share
Elaborate: Alternative to try SC.5.P.8.1 STEAM Sneaker Challenge. It is available on science.dadeschools.net, Elementary Instructional Resources, Grade 5, Quarter 1.
Extend: STEM Integration

42. Big Idea 8: Properties of Matter Resources
Common Properties of Matter
documents/propemat.pdf
Chem4Kids Matter:
Fremont Magnet Elementary: 5th Grade Science Matter Review
Discovery Education
Fun-damental: What’s the Matter?
Animation: Matter
Reading Passage: What Is Matter?
Video: Identifying Properties of Matter
Big Idea 8: Properties of Matter Resources