1. Communication

2. The Main Principles of Communication
Andrew: The Main Principles of Communication

3. Interpersonal Skills:
Verbal conversation: so being able to actually speak to another person, comfortably, with confidence.
Lip reading: being able to tell what someone is saying, even if you cant actually hear them.
Signing: so for people who cant hear what your saying e.g. deaf people, you are still able to get a message across to them
Verbal conversation: so verbal conversation is a good interpersonal skills because actually being able to have a propoer flowing covnersation with someone can sometimes be a hard task, those who lack confidence or who maybe don’t like talking to others will find it hard when they are forced into a conversation, so by being able to comfortably talk to someone, whether it is someone you know or someone you have just met, will definitely be considered an interpersonal skills, and a good one to have at that.
Lip reading: sometimes people will find themselves in a situation where they can actually speak to someone else, however they need to get a message across to them, for example in a conference, everyone else might be quite, and you also want to remain quite, but if you urgently want to tell you counterpart something, you may have to ‘mouth’ a message to them meaning you say what you need to, but don’t actually make a sound, they simply watch you lips and try to interpret what you are saying. This is a good interpersonal skill to have as quite often you might find yourself in a situation where lip reading is a useful skills to have.
Signing: signing is a useful interpersonal skill to have certainly because it means you are a more rounded person when it comes to communication, however, it is a skill that not many people have as it is one which takes a lot of time and effort to learn. Signing refers to the skill of being able to use you hands to portray a message to someone who is deaf or has poor hearing, it is a language that some people only know as there first language, so being able to use sign language to communicate is a massive benefit to you and in particular you ability to communicate

4. Cues in verbal communication:
Body language: so being able to understand how people are feeling or there emotions when they are talking based on how there body is acting whilst communicating with them
Nodding: so being able to ensure that what someone is saying to you, or you to them is being understood, simply by nodding your head and showing you agree with what they are saying.
Summarising and paraphrasing: shortening down what you are saying in order to cover more in a shorter space of time.
Body language: you are able to tell a lot about someone when they are speaking simply by observing what there bodies are doing whilst they are communicating with you, so for example if you are talking to someone about a particular topic, and they have there heads looking down to the floor, hands in there pockets and a slumped posture, you know that they clearly arent interested in what you are talking about, or the topic you are talking about may be something the dislike. So simply by observing how someone is acting whilst they are communicating can tell you a lot about what they are thinking or how they feel at that moment in time
Nodding: nodding is on of the most obvious cues in verbal communication purely because it gives the person talking firstly and indication that you are interested in what they are saying, rather than you staring into space, and also it gives them the indication that you are agreeing or understanding what they are talking about, so if you are making eye contact with someone whilst speaking and they are nodding, you then feel confident that what you are saying is going in and not simply going in one ear and out the other
Summarising and paraphrasing: this is a method of verbal communication that people tend to use when having general chat, so for example one friend talking to another, summarising and paraphrasing refers to when you shorten down what you are saying or simply miss bits out to speed up what you are trying to tell, so a trademark quote for summarising something is ‘long story short’ meaning what you are about to say has a lot more information behind it, but you are simply going to tell the main points of the story.

5. Questioning techniques:
Closed questions: questions which the answerer is restricted to what they can say, usually a yes or no answer
Open questions: questions where the answerer is able to elaborate on what they have to say
Response times: the length of time it takes the answerer to actually give a final answer
Closed questions: so closed questions refers to a kind of question in which the person answering is very restriceted to what they can answer, for example in a questionaire you might be asked a yes or no question, meaning you cant express your opinions on it, you simply have to give your answer, this is usually used to find out quantative data
Open questions: these on the other hand are questions that the person answering is able to elaborate on, so again using the exampleof a questionaire, if you were to ask a question which was ‘explain your opinions on the government’ say, then it offers people the opportunity to elaborate on there thoughts and actually write there beliefs or opinions on the topic, this is generally used to gather qualitative data
Response times: response times refers to the amount of time which it takes a person to respond to a question, so for example if you asked someone about an opinion they had on something, then they took 10 seconds to answer, it could be because they found the question hard to answer or needed time to think as it’s a hard question, or they needed to consider what they were saying to ensure they didn’t say something regretable or controversial.

6. The Main Principle What makes good communication:
The individual has to listen to the speaker to recall what has been said.
Either command or information which could be relevant
Otherwise work won’t be done to the best standard
Not just face-to-face, but can be done in large groups.
Andrew: Listening skills are very important, you don’t want to talk to someone and five minutes later to not be able to recall what you were told. And leading on the information that you say needs to be correct and spoken clearly or put in a way that is easy be read.
Meetings in a workplace happen all the time and this is where lots of people share their views, good communication is vital at times like this.

7. The Main Principle Target Audience:
Message has to suit the target audience it’s sent to
E.g. ‘Bradley Hand ITC’ would be a suitable font to use in a business
Hard to read and not a suitable colour (informal)
Places like playgroups would use colours and interesting fonts to attract a younger audiences.
Both informal and formal messages need to be treated in different ways
Andrew: We all like to use fonts that look nice but we can all forget who will be looking at it. In cant be bright tones for a business file as this would be unprofessional. This sort of look may not be used in a relaxed place such as a playgroup or in a school. There is a huge difference between formal and informal information. And of course the information needs to be put in a way that fits the target audience of it will be irrelevant.

8. The Main Principle Things to consider:
When writing a message you need to think about
What you actually write (formal or informal, the right information)
How you want the receiver to interpret the message
To clearly instruct someone on what to do with a piece of information (attachments)
Think ahead to avoid waffling in verbal or written communication.
Andrew: As I have said you need to know what you are saying and fit it to the right target audience. When you write something out it can come across different and interpreted in the wrong way by another person, you want to avoid this so that the information can be used in the correct way and meet its purpose.

9. Internal and External Communication
Ryan: Internal and External Communication

10. Internal Communication
What is it?
Information which is transferred within an organisation
Information can be sent from one department to another
Information can be transferred from one layer of management to another
E.g. Senior manager tells worker/employee what task needs to be done.
Jordan:
What is it?
Internal communication is the sharing of information within an organization for business purposes. internal communication within a company’s employees and managers can take place via speech, telephone, radio, , fax, and social media.
What this involves?
Internal communication can be used throughout the whole of a business to get information from one person in the business to another person in the business. This is done by filtering messages or things that need to be said through organisational layers within the business

11. Internal Communication
Formats used:
There are many formats that are used to transfer information.
(quick and easy messages which can be sent to a large group of people)
Memo’s (Brief reminder for worker about events going on, e.g. meetings)
Face-to-face (occurs when a more serious matter arises)
Reports (recording information, e.g. end of year reports)
Jordan:
Internal information can be used in many different ways to get information from one place to another. Internal information is all about prioritizing how important the information you are sending is and therefore how it should be dealt with. For example a manager simply needing a worker to do a quick job for them could be done by sending a text message.
Different issues can be dealt with using different kinds of internal information such as:
1 ; s are used when a message needs to be communicated quickly and easily. s are also used when group messages need to be sent out. 2 Memos; memos are used more as a reminder to someone for example businesses may have memos around the office reminding people about staff meetings say. Memos are an informal way of communication 3 face to face. When one person speaks to another person when a matter arises and they require an immediate response
4 Reports; reports are simply someone writing out information about something that has happened in a formal manner. This could include things like end of year reports for example at a school

12. External Communication
What is it?
Information which is transferred to people outside the organisation
Type of people involved:
Employees/Workers (to tell someone if they got the job working for them)
Public (advertising, s telling them about offers available)
Stakeholders/investors (any future meetings)
Other organisations (suppliers or curriers)
Ryan: External communication is information or messages which can be sent to people outside the organisation.

13. External Communication
Communicating with the public:
This requires clear and directive information about something the business is offering
E.g. NEXT could advertise about a 10% discount on all clothing
Communication with suppliers/curriers:
Business would have to inform supplier about materials needed
Business would have to inform curriers about deliveries needed to be made
E.g. NEXT sending ordered clothes to customers
Ryan:

14. External Communication
Types of communication:
Telephone (Calling up other businesses to organise either orders or meetings)
Advertising (only for public, trying to promote business)
Websites (social websites such as Facebook or Twitter)
s (sending distant s to other businesses/people outside business)
Ryan:

15. Verbal and Written Communication
Jordan: Verbal and Written Communication

16. Verbal Communication What is it?
One person communicating to another through voice with instant response.
Verbal communication used every day, even when we don’t realise.
As technology has improved, the same has been done for verbal communication.
Jordan: Verbal communication is when one person communicates to another person by voice and with and instant response. Verbal communication is used all the time without it even being realised for example simply chatting to a friend would be verbal communication. Although as technology has improved more ways of verbally communicating with others has also improved. The most common means of communication nowadays go as follows:

17. Verbal Communication Forms of communication
Face-to-face (speaking to someone straight up, with instant response)
Phone calls (speaking to someone instantly, but work further away)
Video calls (used for meetings, involves people from over seas)
Jordan: What this involves:
Face to face; this quite simply is when you see someone and talk to them straight up and expect an instant response for example having a meeting with work colleagues.
Phone calls; speaking to someone over the phone if you can’t see them face to face
Video calls; used for things such as overseas calls, for example the use of Skype can be used for calls from one country to another
Out of the three of the verbal communication methods explained above it is fairly obvious that face to face communication is the best means of communicating verbally. This is because face to face communication allows you to be able to interpret what someone is trying to say by body language, facial expressions and so on, unlike phone calls or video calls, but not only this phone calls and video calls both require technology to work in the first place and they also rely on technology to operate properly whilst in action.

18. Written Communication
What is it?
Messages, notes or requests, put onto paper or a document and sent to other people.
Written communication can come as:
s (messages that can include attachments, can be sent to anyone)
Letters (detailed message, informing person about situations or events)
Advertising (e.g. newspapers, magazines, leaflets, s, etc.)
Ryan:

19. Written Communication
Written communication can include any business that uses computers or has access to s.
Ryan:

20. Thank You for Listening to our Presentation on Communication