1. Cognitive Therapy in Groups
Session 2
Thinking and Feeling

2. Generation of Negative Emotion
Stream of consciousness
B: Lousy Ref
Activating
event
eC: Anger
b C: Boo
Logical
Errors
Biased Thinking
Black & W thinking
Referees should…If not they are…

3. Logical Errors Errors in making conclusions from sensory input.
Not errors in perception.
AKA ‘cognitive distortions’.
Misinterpretation or non-objective interpretation.

4. Kinds of Logical Errors
More Dire Than Justified MDTJ
Unjustified Negative Prediction UNP
Over Generalization OG
Black & White Thinking B&WT
Invalid Allocation Of Responsibility IAOR
Mind Reading MR
Biased Weighting BW
Ignoring Facts IF
False Absolute FA
Must Or Should MOS
Emotional Reasoning ER 

5. Generation of Negative Emotion
Stream of consciousness
Automatic
Thought
B: Lousy Ref
Activating
event
eC: Anger
Logical
Errors
b C: Boo
Biased Thinking
Black & W thinking
Referees should…If not they are…

6. Automatic Thoughts (1)
Are transient phenomena (like a spoken sentence).
Occur in the stream of consciousness.
They are short and specific.
They occur extremely rapidly, immediately after the event.

7. Automatic Thoughts (2)
They do not occur in sentences, but may consist of a few key words or images.
They do not arise from careful thought.
They do not occur in a logical series of steps such as in problem solving.
They seem to happen just by reflex.

8. Generation of Negative Emotion
Stream of consciousness
Automatic
Thought
B: Lousy Ref
Activating
event
eC: Anger
Logical
Errors
b C: Boo
Biased Thinking
Black & W thinking
Referees should…If not they are…
SCHEMA
CONTENT

9. Schema Definition
Schemas are permanent entities stored some where in your brain.
They contain ‘Schema Content’ – long term reference material about things in the world in the form of:
Formal propositions.
Memories.
Associated emotions.
Action tendencies.

10. Propositional content
A Schema is like a box that contains the results of previous experiences as interpreted by the person
Propositional content
Memories
Associated emotions
Action tendencies
The content of the schema can be positive or negative or a mixture.

11. Common Schema Topics/Content of Fundamental Schemas
The value of ourself
The nature of our life/the world
The state of our social life
The integrity/safety of ourselves
The value of others
Content can be
Present or Future
Conditional

12. The Negative Thinking Sequence
Stream of consciousness
(Includes awareness of sensation)
Automatic Thoughts
Activating
event
emotional
Consequence
behavioural
Consequence
(strategies)
Logical Processes
Schema

13. Referee awards penalty
Identifying Surface Beliefs and Writing Them in the 3-Column Format (1)
emotional Consequence
Activating event
Belief or thought
Referee awards penalty
He’s useless
Anger

14. Identifying Surface Beliefs and Writing Them in the 3-Column Format (2)
emotional Consequence
Activating event
Belief or thought
Bike smash
My career is over, this is the end
Depression

15. emotional Consequence
Identifying Surface Beliefs and Writing Them in the 3-Column Format (3)
emotional Consequence
Activating event
Belief or thought
Boss
yells
I’m useless
Depression

16. emotional Consequence
Identifying Surface Beliefs and Writing Them in the 3-Column Format (4)
emotional Consequence
Activating event
Belief or thought
Boss
yells
How dare he!
Angry

17. Identifying Surface Beliefs and Writing Them in the 3-Column Format (5)
emotional Consequence
Activating event
Belief or thought
I’ll probably embarrass myself
Going to a party
Anxiety

18. Techniques for Capturing Automatic Thoughts
Replay the event in your mind.
Relax, allow your mind to wander and just notice what thoughts (including images) come into your mind.
Imagine you are re-experiencing the event.
Recreate the conditions of the event.

19. Generation of Negative Emotion
Stream of consciousness
B: Lousy Ref
Automatic
Thought
eC: Anger
Emotional Consequence
Activating
event
b C: Boo
Behavioural consequence
Logical
Errors
Biased Thinking
Black & W thinking
Referees should…If not they are…
SCHEMA content

20. Automatic Thoughts (1)
Are transient phenomena (like a spoken sentence).
Occur in the stream of consciousness.
They are short and specific.
They occur extremely rapidly, immediately after the event.

21. Automatic Thoughts (2)
They do not occur in sentences, but may consist of a few key words or images.
They do not arise from careful thought.
They do not occur in a logical series of steps such as in problem solving.
They seem to happen just by reflex.

22. The Main Elements in Cognitive Theory
Negative Automatic Thoughts
Negative Schemas/Negative Schema Content
Process of Logical Errors/Cognitive Distortions
Content negative with respect to
Self
World
Future

23. Individual Work from Session 2
Do approximately one ABC per day using an ‘Identifying Beliefs’ Worksheet, or the 3-Column approach
Activating event
Belief or thought
emotional Consequence

24. Identifying Beliefs ACB Worksheet

25. Identifying Beliefs ABC Worksheet