1. Classification of Living Things
old school

2. ______________ = the total of all the living things in an ecosystem
REMEMBER…
BIODIVERSITY
______________ = the total of all the living things in an ecosystem
___________ = population of organisms that share similar characteristics and can breed with each other
SPECIES

3. Biologists have identified and named over______________ species so far.
Estimates = between million species yet be discovered
1.5 million

4. WHY CLASSIFY? Identifies and names organisms
Groups organisms in a logical manner

5. _______________ = branch of biology that names and groups organisms
TAXONOMY

6. A good classification system:
Uses names that are _________
Can ________ as new data is discovered
Shows _____________ of organisms
UNIQUE
CHANGE
RELATIONSHIPS

7. Common names can vary Example: puma, catamount, mountain lion, cougar
. . . are all names for same animal
By using a universally accepted scientific name,
scientists can be sure they are discussing
the same organism

8. Common names vary Chipmunk Streifenhornchen (German) Tamia (Italian)
Ardilla listada (Spanish)

9. Common names can be misleading
Ex: A jellyFISH isn’t a fish,
but a seaHORSE is!
Sea cucumber sounds like a plant but… it’s an animal!

10. Common names can be misleading
In the United Kingdom,
BUZZARD refers to a hawk
In the United States,
BUZZARD refers to a vulture.

11. Carolus Linnaeus creates BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
two part scientific name
Organisms are grouped in a hierarchy
of different levels or TAXONS based on similar characteristics

12. Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Dear King
Philip
Came
Over
From
Germany
Sunday
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

13. Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus Species
Eukarya
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Carnivora
Felidae
Panthera
leo

14. BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE (2-name naming system)
GENUS NAME
1st name = _______________
Always capitalized
SPECIES NAME
2nd name = _________________
Always lower case
Both names are ______________ or written in ____________.
Example: black bear scientific name is Ursus americanis
or Ursus americanis (genus) (species)
UNDERLINED
ITALICS

15. GENUS = group of closely related species
(Includes many kinds of bears)
SPECIES = unique to each kind of bear
GENUS = Ursus
Ursus arctos
Ursus maritimus
Ursus americanis

16. Binomial Nomenclature
Humans
Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens

17. CLADOGRAM - a diagram that depicts evolutionary relationships among groups. - based on PHYLOGENY, or the study of evolutionary relationships. - CLADISTICS: analysis that looks at newer features in organisms that serve some kind of purpose. These features appear in later organisms and are called DERIVED CHARACTERS.

18. Derived character

19. Kingdoms & Domains

20. 3 DOMAINS 6 KINGDOMS Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Plantae Fungi
Animalia
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
3 DOMAINS
6 KINGDOMS

21. 6 Kingdom System Plantae Animalia Archaebacteria Eubacteria Fungi True
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
True
bacteria
Amoeba
Euglena
Giant kelp
Slime mold
Mushrooms
yeast
Green
plants
animals
Ancient bacteria
Live in harsh places

22. DOMAIN: ARCHAEA KINGDOM: ARCHAEBACTERIA
PROKARYOTES
_____________
Have cell walls _________ peptidoglycan
Can be ___________ or ______________
EXAMPLES: _____________________
LIVE IN EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS like volcanic hot springs, brine pools, low oxygen
UNICELLULAR
WITHOUT
AUTOTROPHS HETEROTROPHS
Halophiles; thermophiles

23. DOMAIN: BACTERIA KINGDOM: EUBACTERIA
______________________
Have cell walls with _______________
Can be ___________ or ______________
EXAMPLES: _____________________
PROKARYOTES
UNICELLULAR
PEPTIDOGLYCAN
AUTOTROPHS HETEROTROPHS
E. coli, Streptococcus

24. DOMAIN: EUKARYA KINGDOM: PROTISTA
______________
__________________
Some have cell walls with
________________
______________________
Can be _____________ or _______________
EXAMPLES: __________________________
EUKARYOTES
Most UNICELLULAR; some colonial/multi
CELLULOSE
Some have chloroplasts
AUTOTROPHS HETEROTROPHS
amoeba; paramecium; giant kelp; slime mold

25. DOMAIN: EUKARYA KINGDOM: FUNGI
____________
_________________________________
Have cell walls with __________
_______________
EXAMPLES: ______________
EUKARYOTES
Most MULTICELLULAR; few UNICELLULAR
CHITIN
HETEROTROPHS- absorb nutrients from decaying organic matter
mushrooms, yeast

26. DOMAIN: EUKARYA KINGDOM: PLANTAE
_______________
Have cell walls with ____________ and _____________
_____________
EXAMPLES: ____________________
EUKARYOTES
MULTICELLULAR
CELLULOSE
CHLOROPLASTS
AUTOTROPHS
mosses, ferns, trees, flowering plants

27. DOMAIN: EUKARYA KINGDOM: ANIMALIA
_______________
_______________ or CHLOROPLASTS
__________________
EXAMPLES: _______________________
EUKARYOTES
MULTICELLULAR
NO CELL WALLS
HETEROTROPHS
worms, insects, fish, birds, mammals, humans

28. Classification of Living Things
Figure Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains
DOMAIN
KINGDOM
CELL TYPE
CELL STRUCTURES
NUMBER OF CELLS
MODE OF NUTRITION
EXAMPLES
Bacteria
____________
Prokaryote
Cell walls with peptidoglycan
Unicellular
Autotroph or heterotroph
Streptococcus, Escherichia coli
Archaea
Archaebacteria
Cell walls without peptidoglycan
_____________
Methanogens, halophiles
Protista
Eukaryote
Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts
Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular
__________________________
Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp
Fungi
______________________
Most multicellular; some unicellular
Heterotroph
Mushrooms, yeasts
Plantae
Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts
___________
Mosses, ferns, flowering plants
Animalia
No cell walls or chloroplasts
Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals
Eukarya
Classification of Living Things
Eubacteria
Cell walls
of chitin
Unicellular
Multicellular
Multicellular
Autotroph or
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Heterotroph